Level 2 Paediatric Emergency First Aid

CU1514 Paediatric Emergency front Aid 20 pages 1. 1 secern the responsibilities of a paediatric startle tutelageer. I should aim to preserve life, pr suit the correct worsening, and promote retrieval. Responsibility Description -Re native(prenominal) unagitated at in all timesAppear confident and calm d bear -Conduct a brinystayground pursueAssess the mooring with pop En insecuritying my ca exercise life. -Conduct a primary vista observe and assess the boundary of the Illness, soil or fit of the misfortune. watch to the call fors of former(a)En for sure their securety and dispense sisterren or bystandersbehaviour. -Send for medical examination swear outAmbulance, police or catch fork out services (as a primary tutelageer, I should forever and a day stay with the fatal accident and entrust roughly iodin else to scream for divine service if possible) - concede immediate, distinguish inter coiffureto preserve life, preserve the agree worsening and promote convalescence -Take appropriate precautions to minimise transmission system Protect yourself-importance and hap by victimisation appropriate techniques and equipment lineamentset for further, do medical attention Transporting the fortuity to hospital or arranging for medical examination. -Reporting and recordingVerbal and written records, completing accident and ensuant shrouds -Maintaining commencement instigate equipment, including outset c be kit outs Ensure equipment is current and respectable turn 1 aid kits argon well stocked -Keeping up-to-date with root aid summonss Take representative in regular updating and grooming 1. 2 break how to minimise the peril of infection to self and others.I should do the spargon-time activity to minimise the risk of infection to self and others- * I should ever wash my transfer before and after giving initiative aid intercession * I should ever wear roleable gloves for dealing with whatever front aid situations involving snag or other torso fluids (e. g. vomit) * Cover the haps string out wounds with appropriate unfruitful dressings * view as sure my avow cuts or sores be adequately covered by plasters * persona appropriate protective equipment where my own safety whitethorn be put ingestward(a) at risk, e. g. face shields * Dispose of about(prenominal) soiled dressings (e. g. lood soaked), or other jump aid materials, in appropriate clinical waste disposal bags. 1. 3 tell suitable graduation exercise aid equipment, including personalized protections, and how it is en blackjackd appropriately. First aid equipment unremarkably consists of collection of supplies for enforceing beginning(a) aid, minimising the risk of infection and personal protective equipment (PPE). A first aid kit must be intimately identifiable and idlely labelled, unremarkably with a white cross on a green s haveground. It is all important(p) that first aid equipment is easily a ccessible and non locked away, it should be clearly sign(a).The first aid box should be catch outed on a regular basis to organize sure that vigour is alter and nonhing is missing. The contents of a first aid kit may neuter slightly depending on the policies and procedures of the setting. or so settings do non use plasters or cleanup localize wipes because of allergy risks for tykeren. General first and kits should neer contain medicines of ein truth kind, thus far elemental painkillers. First aiders argon not qualified to yield medicines to tykeren as they do not know the medical history or all(prenominal) allergies the tiddler may rush. A standard first aid kit bequeath unremarkably contain the go aftering * Sterile dressings of different sizes (e. . sterile netting pads, eye pads) * bonds of different types and sizes (e. g. triangular, roller, hitch bandages) * gluey tape (non-allergenic) * Disposable gloves * Scissors * Tweezers * guard duty pins * D isposable face shields * Disposable thermometers 1. 4 Identify what information requirements to be holdd in an accident report/incident record, and how to record it. It is important that all settings complete a specific from to accidents and incidents, these forms are completed for this purpose. * It is a legal demand * It provides a record in the event of complications (e. . following a place stain). * It informs parents and concernrs. * It ordure befriend to monitor potential hazards in the setting. * It may be required as evidence in suspected cases of annoyance of non-accidental injuries. Information should ever be record clearly and accu regulately and should be signed and dated by the first aider. Some accident report forms use body diagrams to help in the descriptions of specific injuries, for illustration, exhibit exactly where injure appeared or the finicky area where a small fry feels pain. The main information recorded should include- elaborate of the injur ed or sick claw (name, date of birth, main contact details) expand of the accident or incident (date, time, where it happened) expand of action of sermon progressn (what happened, terminus of whatever injuries, sermon given) Advice of further treatment recommended (e. g. hospital treatment) Information parents and carers (when and how parents start been contacted) hint of the first aider, the date and time. Information should be written in black pen. 1. 5 Define an babe and tyke for the purposes of first aid treatment.An sister is usually be as under the age of maven social class and small fry from atomic number 53 year to approximately 12 years old. However, some first aid treatment leave alone vary depending on size and fish of fortuity and techniques should always be vary accordingly. 2. 1 constitute how to conduct a scene survey A scene survey involves your initial assessment of the unavoidableness situation and deciding on the priorities of your a ction. Use your senses to assess what might defend happened * savor for clues (e. g. an repeal medicine bottle beside an un aware mind squirt). * Listen to information form others (e. g. ther sisterren vocalizing you what happened). * Smell eachthing unusual (e. g. gas or other fumes) When conducting a scene survey, you must consider * Whether I or the contingency are in any insecurity (e. g. if the building is on fire) * If the disaster has any lie-threatening conditions (e. g. not eupnoeic) * If any bystanders brush off help you (e. g. other tikeren or colleagues) * Whether you need to call for further dish upance (e. g. ambulance, police or livery services). Conducting a scene survey helps the first aider to assess the seriousness of the situation and dissolve on the priorities for action.It also assist in deciding what further help, if any, is required, If at that organise is much than one incident, hence the first aider needs to prioritise treatment, deal with the about serous first and remember that the quietest fortuity often needs the about help. In calling for help, the first aider must decide what help is required and how to engineer for help, some situations may involve sending for requisite services such as ambulance, police or fire and rescue. another(prenominal) situations may need the assistance of another adult, a colleague, manager or supervisor. 2. 2 Demonstrate how to conduct a primary survey on an despoil and fry.Once I choose conducted a scene survey and stubborn on your priorities, consequently a primary survey will provide a more than detailed assessment of the casualty. To do this you must consider DRABC. * DANGER -If you have not already done so, advance sure the casualty is safe. * RESPONSE read the casualty Can you hear me? or what happened? If they respond, then you know that they are conscious and alert and I should remain calm, see to it the casualty and continue with my examination If at that place is no response, then I should send for help and proceed as follows * skyway Open the air hose by thinly tilting the read/write designate ski binding and ascensioning the chin.This will prevent the casualtys tongue from blockage their airway. * BREATHING Look to see if the bureau is rising and falling, listen for airing sounds and place your cheek close to the casualtys nose and mouth to feel for breath. If the casualty is suspire normally, place them in the convalescence position, unless you suspect a spinal injury and continue with your examination. If the casualty is not alert, then give five rescue breaths and restore to fetch mouth-to-mouth resuscitation * CIRCULATION demote the casualtys pulse by mental picture the major artery in the neck, (carotid artery) fairish below the gravel line. . 3 Identify when and how to call for help. The trained first aider should always stay with the casualty and send psyche else to call to help. This furnish s for first aider to monitor the condition of the casualty and perform any treatment if required, for ideal carrying out mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the casualty exposes vivacious. Never leave an baby or electric shaver casualty unattended. If any of the emergency services are required, this should be done by telephoning, 999.It is requirement o communicate the following information accurately * Which emergency service is required ( ambulance, police and/or fire and rescue service) * A contact telephone number (usually the number the call is made from) * The exact view of the incident(Local landmarks provide a useful guide) * The type and seriousness of the incident (e. g. passageway trade accident, school bus collided with twain other vehicles, blocking a major road junction) * The number and approximate age of casualties twisting (e. g. five children and one adult injured, deuce children in a serious condition).Once you have dealt with the priorities, you should no w conduct a more detailed examination of the casualty. This will include any information from the casualty and the signs and symptoms. If the child is old enough, get them what happened, how they fell and where they hurt. Other children or bystanders may also be able to give you information too. You should always deal with life-threatening signs and symptoms first. For example, overt-and-shut and crude(a) guideing. A general examination should begin at the casualtys compass point and contribute mint the body. Remember to die hard the casualtys brainpower and work stamp out the body.Remember to move the casualty as little as possible and use your senses to pay heed, feel, listen and smell. Use both pass to compare any differences between the devil sides of the body. ascertain childs and young children with soothing linguistic communication and a gentle touch. Signs to look for on examination of casualty Area to examinewhat to look for HEADAny haemorrhage, bruising or swelling (could forefinger a fractured skull) FACEColour of the kowtow, e. g. pale, wild gamy yonder (could indicate stroke) EYESUnequal scholarly person size, blood shot eyes MOUTHAny bleeding, vomit, blueness of the lips (could indicate poisoning) flushed, sweating, clammy.EARS AND NOSEAny bleeding (could indicate a fractured skull) WHOLE BODY, NECK, ARMS AND LEGS. Any bleeding, swelling, bruising or deformity (could indicate a fracture) 3. 1 Demonstrate how to place an baby and a child into the appropriate recovery position. The recovery position is very important in first aid. It places the casualty in a stable position and ensures that an palmy airway is maintained. The main advantages of the recovery position are * It prevents the tongue from falling back into the throat and blocking the airway and so maintains an generate airway. Vomit or other fluid can drain easily from the casualtys mouth, preventing choking. * It keeps the casualty in a safe and easinessable position. retrieval position for babys and children. For an infant less than a year old, a modified recovery position must be choose * Cradle the infant in you arms, with their head tilted downwards to prevent chocking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. * Monitor the infants breathing and pulse continuously. For a child over the age of one year, follow these instructions * Turn the child onto their side. Lift the chin forward into the on the fence(p) airway position and adjust the childs move on under the cheek as necessary * snap that the child cannot roll forwards or back * Monitor the childs breathing and pulse continuously. If you suspect spinal injury, use the jaw thrust technique. get your hands on all side of the childs face. With your fingertips gently lift the jaw to open the airway and take care not to tilt the casualtys neck. 3. 2 Describe how to continually assess and monitor an infant and a child whilst in your care. If an infant or child is unresponsive but bre athing normally.It is essential to assess and monitor their condition charm I wait for the ambulance to arrive What to fall in How to assess and what to rail line AirwayMake sure nothing is blocking the airway or obstructing breathing (e. g. vomit) BreathingNote the rate and depth of breathing and any changes (if the casualty force outs breathing, be fain to start CPR). Circulation Check the pulse at the neck (carotid pulse). Note the rate and violence of the pulse and any changes. ResponsivenessKeep talking and intercommunicate questions, gentle shaking or arresting the flake to see if there is any response.Note any changes. Changes in general condition Check the colour of skin and lips. Note any blueness or other changes. Check for the presence of any bleeding or complaints of pain from the casualty. 4. 1 Identify when to administer CPR to a responsive infant and an unresponsive child who is not breathing normally. As a trained first aider, CPR should always be carried ou t if a casualty is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. The procedure should be followed even if you have doubts about its success and you should always carry on until help arrives.If possible, send someone else to call for an ambulance immediately, but if you are on your own, carry out CPR for one wink before calling. If there is any evidence of blood or other fluid or so the childs mouth, then a disposable face shield should be used. 4. 2 Demonstrate how to administer CPR using an infant and child manikin. CPR mathematical operation for infants and children. CPR for infants (less than I year old) 1. Give five rescue breaths * Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway * Seal your lips somewhat the babys mouth and nose * puff of air gently into the lungs, looking along the pectus as you fleet.Fill your cheeks with air and use this tote up each time. * As the office of drawers rises, stop plundering and allow it to fall. Repeat four more times. 2 . Give 30 chest com abbreviateions * pop the baby on a fuddled surface. * Locate a position in the centre of the chest. * Using devil fingers, press down sharply to a ternary of the depth of chest. * puppy love 30 times, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute * After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths. 3. Continue to bring to at 30 compressions to two breaths until help arrives. CPR FOR CHILDREN (1-12 years old) 1. Give five rescue breaths Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway. * Seal our lips around the childs mouth and pinch the nose. * Blow gently and watch the chest as you breathe. Make sure your breathing is shoal and do not empty your lungs completely. * As the chest rises, stop blowing and allow it to fall. * Repeat four more times, then check the childs carotid pulse. 2. Give 30 chest compressions * Place one or two hands in the centre of the chest (depending on the size of the child). * Use the heel of the hand with arms straight and press d own to a third of the depth of chest. Press 30 times, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. * After 30 compressions, give tow rescue breaths. 3. Continue to resuscitate at 30 compressions to two rescue breaths until help arrives or the child recovers. 4. 3 Describe how to deal with an infant and a child who is experiencing a capture A rapture (also known as a convulsion or fit) consists of involuntary contractions of muscles in body. The condition is due to a neck ruff in the electrical activity of the mind and ecstasys usually takings in passing of impairment of consciousness, the around parking lotality causes are epilepsy or head injuries.General signs of a raptus are * Sudden unconscious(p)ness * rigidity and arching of the back * Convulsive, jerky movements In dealing with raptuss, first aid treatment must always include maintaining an open airway and monitoring the infant or childs vital signs (their train of response, pulse and breathing). You will also need t o protect the infant or child from further harm during a seizure and arrange appropriate aftercare once they have recovered. First aid treatment for a seizure includes * If you see the child falling, test to ease the fall. If possible, protect the infant or childs head by placing wooly padding underneath it. * Make space around them and if necessary, make sure other children move away. * Remove risky items, such as hot drinks or sharp objects. * Note the time when the seizure started. * Loosen clothing around the infant or childs neck. When the seizure has finished * Open the airway and check the infant or childs breathing Be prepared to give CPR if necessary * Place the infant or child into the recovery position they are unconscious but breathing normally. Monitor and record vital signs) take aim of response, pulse and breathing). * Make a note of how long the seizure lasted Do not move the infant or child unless they are in immediate danger Do not put anything in their mouth o r use force to restrain them. If any of the following apply, control 999 for an ambulance * The infant or child is unconscious for more than 10 min * The seizure continues for more then 5 transactions * The infant or child is having repeat seizures or having a seizure for the first time. 5. 1 Differentiate between a mild and a bare airway occlusion. INFANT Mild ObstructionCheck the infants mouth postulate any obvious barriers. Do not sweep your finger around in the mouth (this could crowd any obstruction further down the airway). Severe obstruction Lay the infant face down along you forearm, with head low, supporting the back and head If the obstruction is restrained present, turn the infant onto their back and give up to five chest thrusts. (Using two fingers push inwards and upwardly towards the head against the infants breastbone, one fingers breadth below the nipple line). If the obstruction odes not clear after three cycles, dial 999 for an ambulance.Continue until help arrives. CHILD Mild obstruction encourage them to continue coughing Remove any obvious obstruction from the mouth. Severe obstruction Give up to five back blows with the heel of your hand. Check the mouth and remove any obvious obstruction. If the obstruction is still present, give up to five group AB thrusts. Continue as for an infant. If I can not remove the obstruction dial 999 5. 2 Demonstrate how to treat an infant and a child who is choking. See issue 5. 1 5. 3 Describe the procedure to be followed after administering the treatment for choking.See answer 5. 1 6. 1 Describe the common types of wounds. These are several types of wounds that can result in bleeding * Incised a clean cut, for example from a stab * Lacerated a jagged cut, for example from barbed wire * Puncture a penetrating wound, for example from a demolish * Graze a surface wound, for example from a sliding fall * Contused a bruise, with bleeding under the skin. 6. 2 Describe the types and severity of b leeding and the affect that it has on an infant and a child enjoy see attached chart. 6. Demonstrate the safe and effective management for the control of minor and major external bleeding. Any open wound is a risk of get infected. It is very important to maintain good hygiene procedures to prevent infection between yourself and the injured infant or child. I should always wear disposable gloves and make sure that any cuts on your own hands are covered The most effective way of minimising blood divergence from major bleeding is to apply deal push over the wound. If the injury is on an arm or a leg, upbringing the limb will slow down the blood flow and help to stop the bleeding.Minor bleedingFirst aid treatment * Wash and ironic your own hands an put on disposable gloves * Clean the cut, if dirty, under running water, and pat ironic. * Cover the cut temporarily while you clean the surrounding skin with soap and water, and pat the skin prohibitionist * Cover the cut completely with sterile dressing or non-allergenic plaster study bleedingFirst aid treatment * Wash and dry your own hands and put on disposable gloves * Apply direct pressure to the wound with a pad or sterile dressing. * Raise and support (if the injury is on a limb) * Lay the casualty down to treat for shock Bandage the pad or dressing heavily to control bleeding * If bleeding seeps through with(predicate) the first bandage, cover with a second bandage. 6. 4 Describe how to administer first aid for minor injuries. In most first aid situations with children, injuries are likely to be relatively minor, usually with very little blood loos. A common minor injury involving bleeding with children is nosebleed. This usually occurs when tiny blood vessels inside the nostrils burst, either as result of an injury to the nose, or from sneezing, picking or blowing the nose. The first aid treatment for a nose bleed is a follows Reassure the child and ask them to sit down. * Advise them to tilt thei r head forwards * Tell the child to breathe through their mouth and to pinch the soft part of the nose (they may need help to do this). * After 10 minutes, release the pressure from the nose. If the bleeding has not stopped, pinch the nose again for two further periods of 10 minutes. * Once the bleeding has stopped, clean around the nose with halfhearted water. * Tell the child not to blow or pick their nose for a few hours (because this may disturb blood clots that may have formed in the nose).Do not let the childs head top back as blood may run down the throat and cause choking. If the nosebleed is severe, or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes, the child should be taken to hospital. 7. 1 Describe how to have it off and manage an infant and a child who is worthless from shock. The main signs of shock are * Pale, cold, clammy skin (lips could become blue in severe shock) * Sweating * failing and dizziness * Feeling sick and mayhap vomiting * Feeling sick and peradventure vomitin g * Feeling thirsty * Rapid, shallow breathingThe main first aid treatment for shock is Give lots of comfort and reassurance. Lay the casualty down, raise and support their legs. Use a coat or blanket to keep them comfortably quick Do not give them anything to eat or drink Check breathing and pulse frequently. If the child becomes unconscious, put them in the recovery position If breathing stops, follow the DRABC resuscitation sequence. 7. 2 Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from anaphylactic shock.Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction which can be life-threatening. It is usually triggered by a substance, to which the casualty is highly sensitive, for example, drugs such as penicillin, plant louse stings or food such as peanuts. The main signs of anaphylactic shock are * Difficulty in breathing, wheezing or gasping for air * General signs of shock * increase of the tongue and throat * Puffiness around the eyes * Extreme anxiety The main first aid treatment for anaphylactic shock is * Send for an ambulance Check whether the child has their own medicinal drug and help them to use it if trained to do so * Reassure and comfort the child * Treat for shock * If the child becomes unconscious, put them in the recovery position * If breathing stops, follow DRABC resuscitation sequence Children who are known to suffer from anaphylaxis will usually carry their own medication with them at all times. This is usually in the form of an EpiPen or similar device. An EpiPen is easy to use, although special training should be undertaken and you should always check the policies and procedures in my setting.