Australian Tariffs

Should Australia reintroduce tarffs for the car industry? Australia's automotive Industry Is a significant contributor and major employer to the national economy. But the economy Is In crlsls. The greatest problem for the automotive industry is the mindset of the cabinets. Cabinets became downright apoplectic and argue that tax payers should not support a failing industry, and they vehemently combat the automotive industry policy as a matter of principle. The truth is, Australia cannot afford losing its car industry.Several academic investigations have been conducted about how this industry contributes to national economy, and he answer couldnt be clearer: It would cost Australia more losing Its automotive Industry rather than supporting It so It can grow strong again. Instead of being a dead weight to Australian economy, the automotive industry is a great contributor to it. The Abbot cabinet shouldn't burden this weakened industry with tariffs that will ultimately lead it to its doo m; instead, it should invest more in it, understanding its real value and accepting that it hasnt received enough attention.The government focuses more on primary production, like cattle, mining or grains; little Is left for ransforming Industries Ilke the automotive one. Australia should Improve what It has to offer to Investors, since It's facing a hard competition from other countries. If the automotive industry were to collapse, it's clear that other industries would follow it as well. Can you give examples of current tarffs, subsidies or quotas applied by the Australian Government? Do you agree with the Imposition of these tarffs, subsidies and quotas? Australia applies several tariffs on a wide variety of trading goods.For example: Instruments, weapons and manufactured articles have a 1% tariff; dairy roduce, natural honey, birds' eggs and other edible products of animal origin that aren't specified elsewhere (in the tariff establishment table) have a 0. 17% tariff; glass and glassware have a 2. 8125% tariff. Still, most Australia's customs and tariffs are lower than the global average. Regarding subsidies, the Australian government applies rates on several ambits, like home care, oxygen and enteral feeding or residential respite – and this Is only about healthcare.To be honest, Australia has a balanced taxing system, with rates that are internationally lower than other countries' ates; besides, there exists a real need for a tax system for the government to have enough resources to ensure a decent lifestyle for its citizens and to provide them with the basic human needs. Leaving aside rates like those meant to regulate industries like the automotive one, it seems that Australia has a fair economic system, not meant for crippling the citizen's economy, but rather to ensure that all the people's resources paid In the form In taxes contribute to the general wellbeing.Who do you think are the winners / losers from such protectionist measures? Ultimat ely, the citizens are the most benefited or prejudiced by these taxes and subsidies. As it has been said before, Australia's rates and tariffs are significantly lower wnen compared to tnose tnat otner countrles apply; ana tne Income tnat results from these said payments should be applied on new infrastructure, on attending the people's needs, and on ensuring that unforeseen disasters will be properly faced and answered.This is the ideal system of taxing and applying tariffs: for the countrys money to serve the countrys needs. Still, applying additional taxes to ndustries or basic services is often unfair, especially when those new rates are derived from political affairs; taking the example of the automotive industry, it seems more of a political movement than an economy issue.Thus, applying this kind of taxes only results in weakening the overall economy, which will result in affecting the citizens in general. Nothing good can come from crippling the economic system of a country by attacking the principal sectors that contribute to it; it can be said that Australia is attacking itself when it aims to weigh new taxes on an industry that should be saved instead of being combatted.

Meet and Welcome Visitors

Understand procedures for meeting and welcoming visitors1.1) Describe different reasons for people visiting a business, their requirements and how their needs may be met. Different reasons why people visit businesses is to see if their requirements are met are by; managing their own performance in a business environment by improving your own performance, working in a business environment, communicating in a business environment.The requirements you would need are; to solve business problems, organise and report data, prepare text from note, support the organisation of an event, meet and welcome visitors word processing software. Customers are people who buy products and services from other people (usually companies of one sort or another). What customers think, and feel about a company and/or its products is a key aspect of business success. Irrespective of whether a business' customers are consumers or organizations, it is the job of marketers to understand the needs of their custom ers. In doing so they can develop goods or services which meet their needs more precisely than their competitors.1.2) Explain the purpose of dealing with visitors promptly and courteously.The reason to dealing with visitors promptly and courteously is to insure whilst working in reception you're the first person people see when they enter the business. You're a big part of the first impression they'll have of the business. The first thing you can do in order to represent your organisation in a positive way is to be professional. The public will expect to see you dressed in a certain way; for example, if your organisation has a uniform you will need to be wearing it correctly at all times when representing your organisation in public. You will need to follow procedures on addressing people, distributing information, answering the telephone, etc.Members will take notice and form judgments on the image you present. This includes taking notice of your attitude, appearance, facial expres sions, the way you address people, tone of voice, courtesy toward others and your overall level of professionalism. People don't want to spend their money with companies that they're not confident can competently provide the products or services they are seeking. If you're organized and  professional, you increase the chances that your customers will see your company in a positive light, and they'll be more likely to spend their money with you.1.3) Explain the purpose of presenting a positive image of self and the organisation. The reason of presenting a positive image of your self and the organisation is because it is important to influence people in taking you seriously. This attracts the best workforce when employment opportunities arise in the organisation and the best clients when attracting business. All this translates into better returns and a higher profitability for the organisation.You are expected to present a positive image of yourself and your organisation because yo u will be able to; listen to and absorb the information that others are giving you, ask questions, when necessary, provide information to other people clearly and accurately, contribute to and allow others to contribute to, discussions, select and read written information that contains the information you need, communicate well in writing, establish good working relationships with other people.1.4) Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures when dealing the visitors, including own responsibility. The reasons for following the health, safety and security when dealing with visitors, including your own responsibilities is to make sure equipment in the workplace is safely kept and maintained, also making sure fire exits remain accessible, which will reduce hazards in the workplace.It sets out a lot of your responsibilities for your health and safety at work and the health and safety executive is responsible for enforcing health and safety at work.The Data Pr otection Act 1998 is concerned with personal data which must be kept private. Expect staff/manager other people must not have access to confidential information about identifiable individuals held on computer or in certain structured manual filing systems.1.5) Describe different types of problems that may occur with visitors including, conflict and aggression.The types of problems which may occur whilst dealing with problems caused by visitors can be tough, whether you’re working in a customer service position or receptionist, it’s important to know what can happen.Different of problems which may occur are when he or she may shout, swear, or threaten you and the people around you due to various reasons such as their needs not being met.Understanding problems related to aggressive visitors can help you formulate responses and actions that help to keep you safe. First of all, you should consider creating a barrier between you and the people who come in as a layer of prot ection between visitors and employees. If this isn’t feasible at your location, you should consider beefing up security so you will be protected in the event of an emergency.1.6) Describe ways of dealing with different problems and when to refer them to an appropriate colleague.Dealing with problems when referring to an appropriate colleague is to try and soothe the colleague through calm discussion that will address his or her concerns.However, your first priority should always be a backup system that allows you to call for help when things spiral out of control. A button you can press to call for help, or a cell phone in your pocket can be helpful, try to program emergency numbers into your phone or security system well in advance of when they are actually needed.Vocations where aggressive visitors are common include the health care field, education, government services, and police work. Schools, hospitals, and government offices see their fair share of angry and agitated v isitors. In some cases, courses in self defence may provide you with important coping skills. Understanding how to defuse anger with a calm response can also be  helpful. Explaining the reality of rules, wait times, regulations, and service restrictions may be of assistance. It’s important to avoid angry emotions of your own while dealing with an agitated visitor.1.7) Explain the purpose of communicating with visitors.The more visitors communicate with you, the easier it is for you to build a relationship with them. The purpose of communicating with visitors is so that it allows them to understand each other in different ways and for several reasons and connect, also so that the information is disseminated.You would need to develop your communicative skills so that you can use it as a tool to help you understand and the visitor.We also communicate with visitors to listen to each their problems, and solve the difficulties which they may be facing, it helps to find solutions, which will help you to would receive information and know more about them which will help you to know what their needs are so that it is met.1.8) Describe organisation structures and communication channels within the organisation.The organisation structural channels in an organisation are when you are communicating with several levels of channels, (does not include your colleagues). For example if the management furnishes information about how things are going, notifies the supervisor of what the problems are, and provides requests for clarification and help. Supervisors, in turn, keep their employees informed and render assistance. Supervisors continually facilitate the process of gaining necessary clarification and problem solving; both up and down the organization. Also, supervisors communicate with sources outside the organization, such as vendors and customers.Communication channels within the organisation are structured fabric made up of the system of lines, or channels, whic h are interconnected. Organizational communication is really the flow of information through the  networks.Communication under the formal network is narrow, but it allows for flow of essential information. Moreover, it is easy to maintain, orderly in nature, supports the authority of the superiors and provides for closeness of contact thereby reducing channels of miscommunication. It has certain limitations, such as, bottlenecks in the flow, enhancing organizational distance, greater possibilities of transmission, errors, screening at various filter points, etc.

Puns in the Importance of Being Ernest

Wilde uses puns throughout this play, but the major pun is found within the title. In The Importance of Being Earnest, the pun, widely considered to be the lowest form of verbal wit, is rarely just a play on words. The title, -The Importance of Being Earnest,- insinuates the importance of being honest and truthful, while playing on the male name, Ernest. The pun in the title is a case in point. The earnest/Ernest joke strikes at the very heart of Victorian notions of respectability and duty. Gwendolen wants to marry a man called Ernest, and she doesn’t care whether the man actually possesses the qualities that comprise earnestness. She is, after all, quick to forgive Jack’s deception. In embodying a man who is initially neither â€Å"earnest† nor â€Å"Ernest,† and who, through forces beyond his control, subsequently becomes both â€Å"earnest† and â€Å"Ernest,† Jack is a walking, breathing paradox and a complex symbol of Victorian hypocrisy. -Earnest – means serious or non-frivolous. Many of the characters in the play spend their time trying to convince each other, and themselves, that they are high-minded people with strong morals and are admired in society. But Oscar Wilde presents them all in such a way that their interests and ethical ideas will seem ridiculous and trivial to most of the audience. -Ernest – is a man's name. Much of the action of the play turns on whether Jack Worthington's first name is Jack, or Ernest. Normally a man's first name is of no great importance in his life, but in the extremely silly world of this play – it is the most serious element of the plot. (Many people who know the play well never realise that we don't get a satisfactory answer to this crucial question). So the pun is that the title of the play appears to mean: The Importance of being a Serious Person; but when we watch the play we realise that the real title is: The Importance of having Ernest for a First name. ex: Algernon- You have always told me it was Ernest. I have introduced you to every one as Ernest. You answer to the name of Ernest. You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking person I ever saw in my life. We can find puns on the names of the other characters in the play like in: -‘Miss Prism' – The name is a pun on ‘misprision', which has two definitions. The older is very dark, involving the concealment of official neglect, crime or possibly treason. The more modern meaning closely resembles the character's multiple misunderstandings. – Chasuble – The word chasuble is a vestment worn during services. This is, of course, appropriate given the nature of Chasuble’s profession. Chasuble’s name is also a pun because when said aloud can sound like chaseable. Regarding Miss Prism, he is in fact chase-able, which he had previously claimed he was not. Act I, scene 1, Algernon â€Å"Anyone can play (piano) accurately but I play with wonderful expression† – This is a good thumbnail of Wilde’s philosophy of art. Wilde was heavily influenced by Walter Pater and the other aesthetes of the Victorian age. They believed art should concern itself only with its aesthetic qualities that art should exist for art's sake alone. Therefore, art should not be a straightforward representation of reality–it should not be â€Å"accurate,† as Algernon would say–but rather it should be an extension of its creator's artistic styles. Hence, it should have â€Å"wonderful expression. Act I, scene 1, Algernon – â€Å"If the lower orders don't set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? † – We have a humorous depiction of class tensions here, where Lane, the butler, is given his fair share of droll sayings, and even Algernon seems to recognize that the lower clas has more power than they seem to. Act I, scene 1 (Algernon to Jack) Algernon: â€Å"You don’t seem to realize that in married life; three is company and two is none. † And also in Act II, scene 1 (Lady Bracknell when she finds out about the proposal of Jack) L. Bracknell: â€Å"†¦An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. † Oscar is again poking fun here at the institution of marriage, a practice surrounded by hypocrisy and absurdity. Aristocracy does not see marriage as an organ of love but rather as a tool for achieving a sustaining social stature. Act I, scene 1, Puns are also used during the conversation between Algernon and Jack in town. To accuse Algernon a liar just like dentists who lies about cavities, Jack has said, -â€Å"My dear Algy, you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn’t a dentist. It produces a false impression†. This is very funny because we can see that Jack is also lying about his brother, but he is judging Algernon as if he is a very honest person. Later, when Jack reveals all his truth about the name Ernest, Algernon responds by saying: Algernon: â€Å"What you really are is a Bunburyist. You are one of the most advanced Bunburyist I know. †¦ â€Å"Besides now that I know you to be a confirmed Bunburyist, I naturally want to talk to you about Bunburying. I want to tell you the rules. This is very funny, because Algernon is trying to be honest to Jack about advising him of an action that in fact is itself dishonest and false. The pun is when Algernon thinks that Jack deserves to be advised and learn the rules, since he turned out to be a real Bunburyist, even the most advanced one. This is very ridiculous! As if Jack was discovered to be a man with high principles or qualities. Act I, scene 1 Algernon: â€Å"You must be serious about it. I hate people who are not serious about meals. It is do shallow of them. † This is also very ridiculous. What we expect is Algernon asking Jack to be serious with Gwendolen, about their first 10-minute meeting at Algernon’s. Actually, what surprises and makes us laugh is that Algernon immediately asks Jack to be serious about the food. They care about trivial things. But every instance food is mentioned – from the Algernon’ opening discussion of wine with his servant, Lane, to the girls’ insult over tea and the guys’ climatic fight over muffins-is fraught with conflict. The fight over something as basic as food-something that every human being has a carnal need for (like Algernon’s wolfing down of the cucumber sandwiches to Lady Bracknell distress, Jack’s settling for bread and butter, Algernon’s consumption of Jack’s wine and muffins)- we suspect that the food fights are all puns for mocking their repressed sexual life expression and frustration in the face of unusually domineering women. Algernon. [Picking up empty plate in horror. ] Good heavens! Lane! Why are there no cucumber sandwiches? I ordered them specially. Lane. [Gravely. ] There were no cucumbers in the market this morning, sir. I went down twice. Algernon. No cucumbers! †¦Algernon. I am greatly distressed, Aunt Augusta, about there being no cucumbers, not even for ready money. Act I, scene 1 (Lady Bracknell to Algernon) Lady Bracknell: â€Å"Well, I must say Algernon that I think it is high time that Mr. Bunbury made up his mind whether he was going to live or to die. This shilly-shallying with the questions is absurd. Nor do I in any way approve of the modern sympathy with invalids. I consider it morbid†¦I should be much obliged if you would ask Mr. Bunbury from me to be kind enough not to have a relapse on Saturday for I rely on you to arrange my music frame†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is difficult for Victorian people to understand an interest in something that is so far removed from their daily pleasure, nor to sympathy. Also at the end when they both kill off their imaginary alter egos or friends without much to-do, shows Victorian society’s real values. The Victorian era did not value honesty, responsibility, or compassion for the under-privileged (neither Lady Bracknell nor Algernon exhibit much pity for â€Å"Bunbury† when he â€Å"dies†), but only style, money and aristocracy. It is appropriate that the pun in the sentence when L. B is talking about â€Å"Bunury† death as an appointment to be simply fixed or arranged, and the nonexistent character of â€Å"Bunbury† itself show how shallow are the Victorians’ real concerns. Act I, scene 2 Lady Bracknell starts her conversation by showing to be a very concerned and affectionate mother who wants his expectations meet her requires. The first question she asks is about smoking. Smoking is a harmful, money-consuming habit that needs to be killed, while we find a pun when L. Bracknell turns to be in favor of this habit of Jack. Besides, she considers it as an important occupation or a man. Lady Bracknell: †¦Do you smoke? Jack: Well,yes,I must admit I smoke. Lady Bracknell: I am glad to hear it. A man should always have an occupation of some kind. We face up with many ironic situations during L. Bracknell’s discuss with Jack in act 1, scene 2, making fun to the false, empty ideals of Victorian society, mocking the so-called virtue qualities of the upper class that pretends to be high-educated. The puns are when L. B gives an appreciation of Jack’s being ignorant. She is pleased with Jack’s ignorance, and the most absurd is that she pays high tributes to ignorance by comparing it to a delicate exotic fruit. †¦ Lady Bracknell. A very good age to be married at. I have always been of opinion that a man who desires to get married should know either everything or nothing. Which do you know? Jack. [After some hesitation. ] I know nothing, Lady Bracknell. Lady Bracknell. I am pleased to hear it. I do not approve of anything that tampers with natural ignorance. Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit; touch it and the bloom is gone. The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever. If it did, it would prove a serious danger to the upper classes, and probably lead to acts of violence in Grosvenor Square.

Wast Management in Construction and Demolition Research Paper

Wast Management in Construction and Demolition - Research Paper Example C&D waste would typically include most construction materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, gypsum wallboard, asphalt, and roofing materials; some have the opinion, however, that land-clearing debris that includes soil, tree stumps, and rocks should be included among C&D waste. Some would not consider these waste as they are materials that naturally occur in such form in nature, and are merely being relocated from the construction site. Some consider them as within the scope of C&D waste that must be addressed, because in the course of construction they would normally be hauled away for disposal (EPA, 2000, p. 2-1). 1.1. Historical background of C&D waste management and recycling industry There was a time when buildings were made to last, and it was not unusual to plan for structures to last for a hundred years or more. More recently, however, the â€Å"throwaway society† made it a practice to regularly demolish relative new buildings in order to build new ones in its place , which were deemed better suited to the changing tastes and needs of society. The forecast is that between 2000 and 2030, about 50% of all buildings at present shall be reconstructed, and 27% will be completely replaced. According to Priesnitz (2007:21), this practice is now viewed as wasteful and environmentally unsustainable. As a consequence, the green building industry focuses on creating structures that will last a long time, consistent with former practices. However, unlike the earlier practices, the new state of the art is aimed at creating structure that easily adapt and may be completely recycled if need be, instead of just being made to endure in the same state forever. The C&D recycling industry in the U.S. began to take shape in the 1990s, when â€Å"green† construction philosophies became the norm among companies in line with efforts to promote their corporate citizenship and social responsibility thrusts. In order to keep up with the competition, there likewise emerged the need to acquire Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for renovations as well as new structures. LEED points are awarded construction firms which have effectively implemented C&D waste management programs (Fickes, 2011). Aside from internal industry competitive pressures, government regulation had a lot to do with the furtherance of systematic C&D waste recycling. Many localities, including several counties in California, Oregon, and Washington, and the state of Massachusetts, had banned outright the disposal of C&D waste in landfills. Furthermore, landfill fees have steadily increased, increasing the costs to construction companies and fuelling the incentive to recycle C&D wastes. By 2009, the industry has grown to the point that Waste Management Inc. of Houston and McGraw Hill Construction of Massachusetts collaborated in profiling the fledgling C&D recycling industry, with some 200 building contractors surveyed and growth projections draw n until 2014. Their study shows that presently, contractors generate as much as 143 million tons of C&D waste yearly; roughly one-fourth of this (approximately 35 million tons) is recycled (Fickes, 2011:78). 1.2 Description and classification of C&D wastes The definition of C&D waste is a matter of importance, because the nature of the waste matter and the degree to which it is not contaminated by other waste materials determines the manner

Estimation of UAE population using Bayesian Theorem Research Paper

Estimation of UAE population using Bayesian Theorem - Research Paper Example A common use to which this theory has been put to is the development of time series forecasts for populations. In this case, this theory will be used to analyze the population data for United Arab Emirates. In most instances, the use of Bayesian theory is based on its mathematical framework ability that is able to provide inference on matters using probability (Hoff 116). In this project, the use of a Bayesian approach is adopted since through it the uncertainties that may exist in the model, data or even model parameters are integrated coherently in a consistent manner thus, allowing for easy inference (Gelman 75). The framework for this analysis will entail the adoption of a methodology for a time series forecasting that shall include stochastic volatility and autoregressive models fitted into historical timeline data about the population of UAE. Most instances that entail forecasting of population data apply a frequentist/classical approach, in which case, the Bayesian model offer s the best flexibility by its ability to specify uncertainties upon which forecasting can be performed (Ruggeri, Michael & Insua 80). Principles of Bayes Law Bayes theorem otherwise known as the Bayes law tries to express how the degree at which one believes in a subjective matter should change to be in line with evidence; this is known as the Bayesian inference. This theory was further developed by Laplace and got it published later on in the 1800s. The aim of this theory is to measure the extent of belief. Using this theory, the belief is either confirmed or otherwise based on the evidence collected. Hence, there is the initial belief or the prior that can be denoted by P (A) and then there is the evidence collected or the posterior denoted as P (B) and there is the quotient denoted as P(B/A) or P(B) which it shows how B supports the belief A (Leonard & John 69). The main assumptions made in the Bayes theorem are: Tests are not events, for example there is a difference between a m alaria tests and actually having malaria, the test is different from the event. It is believed that tests are flawed and hence can be challenged; they can detect things that don’t exist which are called a false positive, and miss things that exist; referred to as a false negative. The false positives skew the results; there is a high likelihood that the positive results are incorrect. Natural numbers are preferred over percentages. In summary, the Bayes theory gives the probability of an event given the test probabilities (Grover 120). A review of approaches to population projections The application of certain simple criteria can enable the obtaining of macro-level methods of population projection and its typologies. This may entail the use of simple extrapolations of the growth rates or size of the population, uncertainty approach and the methodology of the method. The estimation of the dimensionality of populations in the simplest forms always utilizes extrapolations while the uncertainty approach may be ignored or quantified by the use of probabilities. The Bayesian model utilizes both the extrapolation and time series analysis in the determination of end results for stochastic projections (Koch 41). The UAE population According to the UAE Department of Statistics (uaestatistics.gov.ae), the following figures were obtained from the census that was done in the years between 1975 and 2005. Year Total no. of Expatriates Total no. of Citizens 1975 356,343 201,544 1980 751,555

EPI in MRI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EPI in MRI - Essay Example Notably, the boundaries existing between fat and compact bone are affected by the rapid de-phasing of the transverse magnetic field as well as distorts the signal. Resultantly, this leads to the wrong positioning of the frequency in the phase direction. K-space line is another parameter that could be optimized so as to change the EPI. A shift in the k-space line from its normal line leads to geometric distortion (Amin & Afzal, 2009, p.232). Such a shift may be resulting from field in-homogeneities. However, this artefact is reduced by spin echo sequences, which do rephrase the spins each time a 180-degree pulse is applied. On the other hand, gradient echo structures of the refocusing of the artefact. Undeniably, EPI makes use of a gradient echo sequence, thus leading to the accumulation of the effect with no radiofrequency (RF) pulse to correct the same. It is worth noting that any accumulation of errors arising from phase encoding will be wrongly registered, thus exposing EPI to thi s artefact. In the event that the duration of the EPI trajectory if considerably long, the EPI itself gets to be affected even by small field in-homogeneities (Ye et al, 1996, p.219). Change in the parameter can be so achieved through increasing the bandwidth. Such an action will lead to a reduction in the echo time (TE). So as to realize more ramp sampling, the dwell time can be increased. In optimizing EPI, the frequency of the phase encoding can be increased using a zero filling. The end result of this is an increase in resolution. On the other hand, TE can be increased so as to increase the transverse magnetization, thus giving a greater T2 and T2*. Moreover, a gradient with a relatively high performance can be used in optimising EPI (Ye et al, 1996, p.220). Bandwidth represents the frequency range resulting from the already read gradient across the field-of-view (FOV). This measure is quite imperative in the determination the

Becoming an Informed Voter-Researching your congressional Delegation Essay

Becoming an Informed Voter-Researching your congressional Delegation - Essay Example Such as the state of Michigan and its 9th congressional district. Presently, the representatives of this district, who also work for the state as a whole, include Senator Carl Levin and Congressman Gary Peters. With Senator Levin being an elected official for the previous three decades, it would affirm the role having been played by both the Senator, as well as his political party. The Democratic Party would further cement that hold, with the election in 2008 of Congressman Peters. Both men in their respective elections, would face Republican candidates as their opponents and win. Thus, showing that the citizens of Michigan seek to find reliable change and are open, at least when they feel the time is right, to find it where and with whomever they are able to. Historically speaking, the citizenry of the 9th congressional district, have been represented by both the Republican Party, as well as the Democratic Party. With the different roles to be played by Senators and Congressman, the fact that Senator Levin will have been in officer for as long as he has, would lead many to decipher that either the electorate of Michigan feel more comfortable with a Democrat as their Senator for an extended period of time. Otherwise, there hadnt been a strong Democratic contender for the congressional seat in the 9th district until Congressman Peters decided to run on the Democratic platform. After observing the general rank and file of most of Michigans elected representatives, those of whom influence what occurs in the 9th district and by extension the state as a whole, it would appear presently that the Democrats would in fact hold an edge as of late. From a standpoint of advantage, the Democrats would have their own advantage presently. Not only having Senators in power from their political fold, along with Congressman Peters, the Governors mansion and the Lt. Governors positions are both presently held by confirmed Democrats. Whether its been recent change,

Qualitative Evaluation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qualitative Evaluation Plan - Assignment Example The first factor that must be addressed is how much progress the patients who participated in the initiative have made. An analysis of the effectiveness of a community health worker intervention among African American and Latino adults with Type 2 diabetes was done in a controlled trial by Spencer, Rosaland, Kieffer, Sinco, Valerio, Palmisano & †¦ Hessler which determined that â€Å"participants in the intervention group had a mean HbA1c value of 8.6% at baseline, which improved to a value of 7.8% at six months, for an adjusted change of -0.8 percentage points† (2011). Through their particular study, they were able to see a noticeable change in the ability of those who participated in the initiative to be able to manage their diabetes more effectively. The next factor to consider in evaluating the effectiveness of a community outreach program for diabetes care in the community is the method used to collect data. Bielamowicz, Pope and Rice attempted a different form of community outreach program for those with Type 2 diabetes, which involved teaching the use of healthy cooking practices as related to controlling diabetes. They utilized an online data collection method to track their progress. Data collection was done prior to the start of the initiative, after the third lesson, and after the final, fourth lesson (2012). By using this method of data gathering, they were able to gain a more accurate image and portrayal of what was working and what was not, as well as the amount of progress made at each step. This form of data collection also allowed them to have a concrete set of data as the starting point to go off of. Another important factor to consider when evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes care in a particular community is the socioeconomic status of the community. Those in lower income communities are not as likely to have access to the same types of outreach programs that a traditional middle class

Nursing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing leadership - Essay Example More so, it requires nurses to ensure that they are well equipped with recent and updated skills and knowledge to be able to practice safely and effectively without supervision. In addition, it involves keeping clear and accurate records to help in future references and avoid unnecessary confusion. A systemic review is where several trials of similar intervention are conducted to create an outstanding outcome. It aims at coming up with the best available research on a given issue by synthesizing the results of various studies. It makes use of transparent methods to identify, analyze and combine the results of any relevant study. Systemic reviews have become acceptable in health care setting and other disciplines. Philosophy of nursing refers to the core values and beliefs that a nurse upholds when performing their professional duties. It is the belief that every patient, regardless of their race, economic status, or disease they are suffering from, should receive high quality health care with the highest regards to compassion, integrity and respect that they deserve. Personal philosophy nursing includes the nurses’ feelings and perceptions on ethical issues of nursing as well as the patient’s basic human rights. Nursing is an important profession that mainly deals with individuals’ health care. It involves provision of holistic and quality healthcare for the sick and infirm. Nurses are expected to offer quality care and create awareness about different health conditions among the patients as well as the public. More so, they empower every patient concerning the delivery of a holistic treatment approach. Nevertheless, nursing helps in providing necessary support to different patients and their families. Nursing is all about providing quality health care to those who are in need. It is about maintaining a good relationship with the patient, being a

The Changes in Corporate Governance of Japanese Companies Essay

The Changes in Corporate Governance of Japanese Companies - Essay Example The essay "The Changes in Corporate Governance of Japanese Companies" talks about the Toyota company marketing strategy, its history from the company's inception and its main goals for the company's future. Toyota was initiated in the year 1933 as a branch of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works with the main purpose of vehicle production under the direction and control of Kiichiro Toyoda, the son of the founder. It initial automobiles was the G1 and the A1 passenger car produced in the year 1935. In the year 1937, the Toyota Motor Company was initiated as a separate and independent company. In the year 2008, the Toyota Motor Company became numbers one globally in terms of sales; it surpassed the sales of General Motors. In the year 1924, Sakichi Toyoda came up with (invented) the Automatic Loom of the Toyota Model G. this invention ensured that the automobile stops itself automatically when a problem occurs. This automatic loom thereafter became part and process of the Toyota car production process. In the year 1929, Sakichi Toyoda sold the automatic loom patent to a British company; and hence automotive development startup capital was found. In August 1937; the name of the company was changed and trademarked as Toyota Motor Company. As from September 1947; Toyota Motor Company sold a small vehicle under the Toyopet name; for example Toyopet SA, Toyopet SB truck, and Toyopet Crown. However, in 1957 the Crown name was not well received in the United States of America because of connotations to toys or pets.

Individual Paper on Accounting Profession Essay

Individual Paper on Accounting Profession - Essay Example There are lots of information assets that have to be protected within the information system of an enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to describe the controls for information technology (IT) reporting and evaluation. One of the most valuable information assets that must be safeguarded is the employee personal files. The law protects the employees and it is the duty of the company to have 100% assurance that this information is not leaked or fall into the wrong hands because the workers could become victims of identity theft. There are two facets to protecting the personal files of employees. The first aspect is the manual paperwork that most companies keep with employee information. Those files cannot be kept in filing cabinets where anyone could have access to them. These files must be kept in a separate room that is locked at all times. The only persons that should have access to the information are the director of human resources and his or her staff. The second aspect of sa feguarding this important information asset is the protection that needs to exist within the computerized information system of the company. The computerized information system of a company must be divided in modules. Each module should be independent of each other. For instance engineers would not have access to the accounting module and vice versa. ... erk with the level of clearance system would be a low level clearance employee which means his access within the accounting module of the information system would be limited to the payable work the person performs for the company. â€Å"Two major reasons why we need to protect information assets are (1) the potential for compromises of such assets, unintentionally or otherwise, and (2) compliance with regulatory requirements concerning information protection and communication (Raval & Fichadia, 2007). There are certain information assets that are so valuable companies that to take extreme measures to protect them. An example of such an asset is patents. Any paper work of a patent should be kept in a safe in the office of the chief executive officer (CEO). The CEO should then decide which employees can be given access to that privilege information. In terms of any digital information concerning patents the system of establishing clearance that gives access to the system is a good way to ensure the information is not leaked into the wrong hands. The top level of clearance within the information system of a company should be given to the CEO and the board of directors. The executive managerial staff would fall to the next level of clearance. The managers or directors of different department would have maximum clearance within their pertinent modules such as accounting, marketing, human resources and engineering, but they would not have full clearance for other modules within the system. It is imperative to avoid compromises of the IT system. An example of a compromise would be the unlawful entrance of a hacker into the information system of the company. If an attack occurs the entire system becomes compromised. At that time the IT department has to take measures to find out

What Is Knowledge from the Meno Essay Example for Free

What Is Knowledge from the Meno Essay The opinions which we believe and are right, are called â€Å"true opinions†. According to Plato’s dialogue from The Meno, when true opinions remain stable they can serve equally as well as knowledge until people forget their opinion or change their mind some time later. Knowledge is â€Å"tied down† by giving the reasons why it is so. Opinions, even if beautiful, can â€Å"escape from a man’s mind† without justification. Moreover, opinions lead less reliability compare with knowledge (Gendler, Siegel Cahn, 2008, P344). Therefore, people should prefer knowledge to opinion since the former is more correct and lasts longer. Opinion functions as well as knowledge when the opinion is right or true. For instance, a person who does not know how to turn on the computer eventually turns it on by pressing buttons randomly. Thus, true opinion and knowledge work the same at this point. However, this true opinion may not be replicable or reliable over time. For this, the person would need the knowledge that computer start buttons contain a certain logo. Plato argues that knowledge is superior to true opinion. He says that true opinions are not willing to remain long, and they are not worth much, until one ties them down by giving an account of the reason why they are correct (Gendler, Siegel Cahn, 2008, P344). We can see that mere true opinion is not stable, and it can be fleeting. For example, we see the moon, and may first think that the moon shines by itself if we do not have any knowledge about this. The next day, if we do not see any moonlight, we may think that the moon does not shine by itself. Although the latter idea is correct, and could serve as well as knowledge for a time, our opinion can change unpredictably. On the other hand, if we have knowledge that the moon reflects sunlight, we understand that the moon does not shine by itself. Knowledge gives more consistency and predictablily than true opinion. Furthermore, opinions are weak because they can be influenced by feelings, and emotions can occur at any time, anywhere. For example, if I am in a good mood on a sunny day, I think my cat is cute when it is running around. If it rains the next day, the weather makes me annoyed, and I think my cat is naughty when it is running around. In this example, the opinion that my cat is naughty has no justification because the cat did not change its behavior to make it naughty. With justification and knowledge, people can develop civilization and improve their quality of life in areas such as space exploration, transportation, education and medicine. For example, without a foundation of reliable knowledge, we could not develop safe medicine or safe airplanes; the risk and expense of basing our lives on true opinion is too great, because it has not been justified. Plato has defined knowledge as having three components: truth, belief and justification. First, it must be accurate and we must believe it. For example, when we say this coffee is hot, it must be hot, and we must believe it is hot. Second, by justification, Plato means that we must have reasons explaining why it is correct and prove our idea. If not, it is an opinion rather than knowledge. However, if we can prove our opinion, it becomes knowledge. For instance, recent news said that an Italian experiment had unveiled proof that fundamental particles known as neutrinos can travel faster than light. As we know, in the past people thought the speed of light was the fastest. After the experiment had been conducted and evidenced the result, this new information led people to correct their old opinion because they had better justification. When we find out that our old idea is wrong and have a new idea with justification, the old idea no longer has justification. This is the reason why truth, belief and justification have to be involved in knowledge. In Plato’s view, true opinions function as knowledge only when people understand the reason behind the truth or have evidence of it. For example, if my sister holds a cup of coffee and walks into classroom, her classmates will probably think that the coffee belongs to her. This would be a true opinion if I had bought the coffee for her. On the other hand, people who had seen me buying the coffee for my sister would regard this information as knowledge. In sum, true opinion contains truth and belief, but it does not have justification. Plato illustrates this idea with the image of Daedalus’s statue. Daedalus is a skillful craftsman and artisan. His statues were so realistic that people thought it could run away. Therefore, Plato mentions the statue as a metaphor for true opinion which will be forgotten by people over time. â€Å"To acquire an untied work of Daedalus is not worth much, like acquiring a runaway slave, for it does not remain, but it is worth much if tied down, for his works are very beautiful (Gendler, Siegel Cahn, 2008). † The tied-down statue symbolizes knowledge, and the ropes are the reasons why, the justification. This metaphor perfectly shows the relationship between opinion and knowledge. Through reading Plato and his teacher Socrates’ dialogue, I understand the differences between opinion, true opinion and knowledge. I also found out why knowledge is more important than true opinion. Opinion will not be valid all the time. In contrast, knowledge is more stable because it contains justification, and therefore, is superior to true opinion. Plato’s basic definition of knowledge and its three parts provides a clear basis for further philosophical discussion, such as what is accepted as logical and solid justification.

Can Calcium Help with Weight Loss and Maintenance?

Can Calcium Help with Weight Loss and Maintenance? As we all know, calcium plays an important role in the protection and production of the bodys teeth and bones. An important question, we as nutritionists are wondering is, can calcium help with weight maintenance, weight loss, and obesity? We looked at several studies based on this question. The first study looked at the effects of weight, loss of a high-calcium energy, reduced diet on the biomarkers of inflammatory stress, fibrinolysis, and endothelial function in obese subjects. There were 35 subjects who lost at least 3% of initial body weight involved in this study. The study lasted a total of 16 weeks. The subjects were split up into two groups. One group was the high-calcium diet (HCD) group and the other was the low-calcium diet (LCD) group (Torres, M. R. S. G., and Sanjuliani, A. F., 2013). The HCD group was measured in a calcium intake of 1,200 1,300 mg/day, whereas the LCD group was measured in a calcium intake of less than 500 mg/day. Both on the diets followed the same intake for protein (22%), fat (28%), carbohydrates (50%), and 19 grams of fiber. The only difference in the diets was the HCD group received 60 grams/day of a non-fat powdered milk. The results indicated that those on the HCD had a greater reduction in the waist to hip ratio and waist circumfe rence. Both groups had similar reductions in the biomarkers. Therefore, an HCD helped to reduce waist circumference, but had no benefit in the biomarkers of inflammation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial function. According to this study, there seems to be a need for further research on the effectiveness of increased calcium in the diet and its correlation to weight loss and weight management (Torres, M. R. S. G., and Sanjuliani, A. F., 2013). Calcium plays a major role in accelerating fat and weight loss, especially in overweight and obese adults with calcium deficiency (Zhu et al., 2013). The authors of this second study looked at calcium and vitamin D supplements among overweight and obese college students to prevent fat storage and improve metabolic functions. In their randomized control study, 53 adults participated in the study and they were assigned 600 milligrams of calcium with 125 IU of vitamin D. The study was 12 weeks long to determine the effectiveness of supplementation in weight management, and involved a control group. The results showed that the calcium and vitamin D group had a decreased body fat and visceral fat level, but no changes in weight when compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the weight loss program can motivate adults to lose body fat along with further restrictions. It seems that further research is needed to address the dosage of calcium and vitamin D supplements in prom oting weight management among adults (Zhu et al., 2013). A systematic review conducted by Onakpoya, Perry, Zhang and Ernst (2011) looked at calcium supplementation as it relates to weight loss. Calcium carbonate and calcium citrate are commonly used dietary supplements and may influence weight loss. The investigators electronically searched for randomized, double-blind, placebo control studies in their review. A total of 729 participants could be included in this review. A forest plot of the seven main randomized control trials used in this review demonstrated that a small, significantly greater reduction in body fat was associated with calcium as it was compared with a placebo (Onakpoya, Perry, Zhang, Ernst, 2011). The researchers determined that the effect of calcium supplementation is small and not clinically relevant because less than 5% of total body weight at baseline was lost with calcium supplementation (Onakpoya Perry, Zhang, Ernst, 2011). This review shows that calcium supplementation for at least six months can have a small effe ct on weight loss, however, the researchers warn that the information obtained from the studies may not be completely accurate. The good news is, no adverse effects from calcium supplementation were reported in any of the randomized control trials (Onakpoya, Perry, Zhang, Ernst, 2011). It appears supplementing with calcium at recommended dietary intakes may help in weight loss but it is not a miracle drug. According to the three articles mentioned above, calcium does not seem to be a significant factor in weight loss and management. In the studies, there was often less than a 5% reduction in body weight, leading to the insignificance of a higher calcium diet. Further research needs to be conducted in order to better understand if a higher calcium diet is important in weight management. References Onakpoya, I.J., Perry, R., Zhang, J., Ernst, E. (2011). Efficacy of calcium supplementation for management of overweight and obesity: systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition Reviews. 69, 335-343. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21631515 Torres, M. R. S. G., and Sanjuliani, A. F., 2013. Effects of weight loss from a high-calcium energy reduced diet on biomarkers of inflammatory stress, fibrinolysis, and endothelial function in obese subjects. Nutrition Journal. 29. 143-151. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23010419 Zhu, W., Cai, D., Wang, Y., Lin, N., Hu, Q., Qi, Y., †¦ Amarasekara, S. (2013). Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated Fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very- low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal, 12, 8. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599592/

Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments CAD also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD encompasses two pathologies, angina and myocardial infarction, commonly recognized as a heart attack (Parmet, Glass Glass, 2004). Angina is best described by pain or discomfort in the chest area, pain caused by angina can radiate throughout the body to various muscle areas (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Stoppage of oxygen-rich blood to particular heart muscles results in a heart attack, delayed restoration of blood flow can result in severe muscle damage to the heart and possibly death (Parmet, Glass Glass, 2004). With approximately sixteen million Americans suffering from CAD, a person dies every minute as a victim of the disease (American Heart Association [AHA], 2012). The following paper will comprehensively examine CAD. Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart The heart is an essential organ that is responsible for pumping blood all throughout the body and supplying it with oxygen and nutrients; it is the central hub for the cardiovascular system and acts as the transport system of the body, which performs via electrical conduction activity (Burke et al., 1999). Major anatomical structures of the heart consist of the aorta, the pulmonary artery and vein, coronary arteries and the valves (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). The aorta is the main artery that pumps the blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body; the pulmonary artery and vein transport deoxygenated and oxygenated blood respectively, and the coronary arteries make a crown on the heart muscle and supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood and nutrients (Crawford, 2011). The valves in the heart are responsible for preventing backflow of blood and allow the blood to circulate in a uniform fashion (Crawford, 2011). The electrical conduction system of the heart accounts for the beati ng of the heart allowing it to contract and act as the pump of the body (Burke et al., 1999). CAD: Pathophysiology Occlusion of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup leads to a condition called atherosclerosis; atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries leading to damage to the blood vessels and is a major contributor to many heart diseases and disorders (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Atherosclerotic plaques are formed from lipid and fat deposits such as cholesterol, these formations are indicative of diet as a risk factor in developing CAD (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Arteries are composed of three layers: adventita, intima, and media; the plaque typically develops between the intima and media layers (Crawford, 2011). The atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lumen of the arteries causing decreased amounts of blood to reach the heart and over time harden them causing decreased flexibility during vasoconstriction and vasodilatation (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Additionally, the atherosclerotic plaques can dislodge causing thrombosis and ischemic events, when the coronary arteries func tion is compromised, the heart does not receive adequate supply of oxygenated blood and nutrients causing decrease cardiac function (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). At times of stress, the body will try to counteract these changes to achieve homeostasis by exerting more energy than normal; however, prolonged exertion initiates a cascade of many disease processes and pathologies, such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and characteristically myocardial infarction (Ruth, 2011). CAD: Risk Factors CAD tends to be the most common cause of death and disability in the United States (AHA, 2012). Common risk factors of CAD are family history, physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking and alcohol consumption; additionally, health issues such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity are also prevailing risk factors (Ruth, 2011). A person that has a family history of heart disease is at greater risk of developing CAD; physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity interrelated for developing CAD (AHA, 2012). Obesity has become an epidemic that affects one in four Americans and results in many life-threatening consequences, notably CAD (AHA, 2012). Heart disease has become the cause of death in industrialized nations compared to underdeveloped nations due to sedentary lifestyles and an increased consumption of fast food (Chan, 2011). One of the most preventable risk factors for any disease is smoking, and for cardiovascular disease it is the number one preventable cause (Rut h, 2011). Other contributing risk factors include age and gender, males are typically more likely to develop CAD at an earlier age than women, however, the risk equalizes in old age (Ruth, 2011). Research has indicated that CAD paired with diabetes, hypertension, and/or hypercholesterolemia can breed fatal consequences (Chan, 2011). CAD: Symptoms Most patients of CAD are asymptomatic, whereas other patients can present with a variety of symptoms such as shortness of breath, tightness around the chest, chest pain, clenched fist, or possibly death; patients that do however exhibit symptoms typically tend to have advanced stages of damage to their coronary arteries (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Angina is the classic heart pain most patients complain about that is caused by ischemia which is the lack of oxygen supply to a region of the heart (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Patients can experience angina at anytime, however characteristically its exhibited after a person has been involved in an extraneous activity, such as exercise; angina can be categorized as stable, unstable, or variant (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD: Complications Myocardial infarction occurs when the heart is deprived of oxygenated blood because of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in a state of ischemia; the area of the heart that the damage occurs depends on the vessels that are occluded, exhibiting a variety of symptoms and/or complications (Torpy, Lynm Glass, 2008). Therefore, essentially if a patient experiences a myocardial infarction at a particular region of the heart that area will suffer an ischemic event and kills the heart tissue and makes it dysfunctional (Torpy et al., 2008). Overall, a myocardial infarction has a poor prognosis and tends to lead to morbidity and mortality (Burke et al., 1999). CAD: Diagnosis CAD is a condition that develops over time; therefore, there arent any palpable tests that can indicate if a person is suffering from CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). When examining the onset of CAD, healthcare providers consider a patients history, physical exams and relative risk factors (Andraws, Berger Brown, 2005). Healthcare providers utilize electrocardiogram, stress testing, echocardiography, and laboratory testing when examining patients that are at risk of developing CAD (Andraws, Berger Brown, 2005). Electrocardiograms also known as an EKG or ECG detect the hearts electrical activity, rhythm, heart rate, axis, and any abnormal enlargements of the heart; an EKG is a quick and efficient way of indicating whether a patient has experienced or is experiencing a myocardial infarction (Andraws et al., 2005). Stress testing can be induced by exercise or medication for evaluating ischemia in a patient; an echocardiography utilizes sound waves to monitor the hearts activity, includi ng the size, shape, and blood flow; laboratory testing, such as blood tests are conducted on a regular basis to assess the levels of cholesterol, sugar, and proteins such as inflammatory markers (Andraws et al., 2005). Other tools, such as chest x-rays, angiography, positron emission tomography, and cardiac cauterization can be utilized for patients with greater risk factors and/or advanced stages of CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD: Treatment CAD is a complex disease since it encompasses other pathologies (AHA, 2012). However, treatment options for CAD tend to be simple at its early stages, such as lifestyle changes; patients are encouraged to partake in therapeutic lifestyle changes such as daily exercise, eating healthy well-balanced meals, and stress and weight management; comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle changes help regulate the risk of other diseases such diabetes, hypertension and obesity (Ruth, 2011). Therapeutic life changes help reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol and maintaining a body mass index of less than 25, which is considered to be normal (Ruth, 2011). For advanced stages of CAD, medication such as anticoagulants, aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitroglycerin are prescribed to help reduce symptoms, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent blood clots; aspirin is the leading medication to help relieve angina and prevent myocardial infarction (McPhee Papa dakis, 2011). Patients that have extensive damage to their arteries or have experienced a myocardial infarction may require medical procedures, such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting; angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention is a medical procedure done to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, this is commonly referred to having a stent put in place to prevent future blockage from occurring (Ruth, 2011). Coronary artery bypass grafting is an extensive surgical procedure done where doctors use blood vessels from other areas of the body that arent blocked to bypass narrowed and damaged coronary arteries, thus improving the blood flow to the heart (Ruth, 2011). Conclusion CAD is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Occlusion of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup leads to a condition called atherosclerosis; atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries leading to damage to the blood vessels and is a major contributor to many heart diseases and disorders (McPhee Papadakis, 2011).With approximately sixteen million Americans suffering from CAD, a person dies every minute as a victim of the disease (AHA, 2012). Common risk factors of CAD are family history, physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking and alcohol consumption; additionally, health issues such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity are also prevailing risk factors (Ruth, 2011). CAD is a condition that develops over time; therefore, there arent any palpable tests that can indicate if a person is suffering from CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Treatment options for CAD tend to be simple at its early stages, such as lifestyle changes (Ruth, 2011); for advanced stages of CAD, medication such as anticoagulants, aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitroglycerin are prescribed to help reduce symptoms, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent blood clots; aspirin is the leading medication to help relieve angina and prevent myocardial infarction (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Patients that have extensive damage to their arteries or have experienced a myocardial infarction may require medical procedures, s uch as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (Ruth, 2011).

The Digital Divide Essay example -- Papers

The Digital Divide Digital Divide is often described as the gap between those with access to technology (e.g. computers and the Internet) and those who have not. It is a social and political issue that started since the early 1990’s and is believed to have grown over the years. There is also such thing as â€Å"Global Digital Divide†, and this refer back to the gap between developed and developing countries. At present, programs such as BBC’s Computeraid try and help solve this social problem by donating computers in rural areas and helping educate people. Digital Divide isn’t just about the access of people to such facilities but also described as the differing levels of IT skills within the society. Digital Divide is often referred back to the haves and have-nots, also known as the rich and the poor. In earlier years, they have been described as the middle and working classes, although these sectors vaguely exist in the society at present. The haves are people who can afford to buy these new technologies such as compute...

Differentiation: What is it? Essay -- essays papers

Differentiation: What is it? Today in education different abilities are being acknowledged on a regular basis. So a common description being used for the â€Å"perfect† classroom which accounts for the variety of instruction and activities is a differentiated classroom. This phrase is thrown around and many teachers may not understand how a differentiated classroom works. â€Å"In a differentiated classroom, the teacher assumes that learners have differing needs. Therefore the teacher proactively plans a variety of ways to ‘get at’ and express learning† (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 3). Planning for a variety of teaching strategies does not mean giving more work to the smart children. Instead the teacher must assess who understands the material, who is struggling, who needs to be challenged and decide what or how to teach the students from there (Tomlinson, 2001). Differentiation should occur naturally and involve individual, class and group work to allow for the differences in all students and all subjects of study (Tomlinson, 2001). Probably the most important aspect of differentiation is the idea of challenging all learners at their level instead of giving extra work to those students whom learn the concepts quickly. Differentiation in Classrooms A struggle for many teachers could be the idea of implementing differentiation in their classrooms. Making twenty-four lesson plans for the twenty-four children in a class is not practical or appropriate. Children should all be learning the same basic ideas in differentiated lessons but how much as well as how a child learns is what will vary (Tomlinson, 2001). Tomlinson describes three major ways in which the content that children are learning can be differentiated: readiness, inte... ...cle describes how teachers normal integrate differentiation into a classroom. Smith, M. K., (2002). Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education. Retrieved February 10, 2005, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm. This article describes Howard Gardner’s developed his ideas about multiple intelligences. Theroux, P., (2004, June 20). Differentiated instruction. Retrieved April 20, 2005, from http://members.shaw.ca/priscillatheroux/differentiating.html. This article is written by a teacher and describes ways in which differentiated instruction can be implemented. Academically Gifted (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2005 from EBSCO/ERIC The website provided definitions for words from a thersaurus. Special Needs Students. (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2005 from EBSCO/ERIC The website provided definitions for words from a thesaurus.

Four season goes to paris Essay

This case demonstrates how Four Seasons effectively creates, cultivates, and sustains its organizational culture throughout every place the company expands its business to. In 1999, Four Seasons took over the Hotel George V in France and reopened it as the Four Seasons Hotel George V Paris (F. S. George V) leading the company to cope with cultural difference issues. Research showed that a strong organizational culture correlates with the firm’s high performance (Sorensen, 124). Therefore, it is vital for managers, whose work deals with international aspects, to realize the importance of corporate culture and know how to help their companies maintain the culture. In this paper, I will discuss about organizational culture of Four Seasons, French culture related to the hospitality industry, possible conflicts and resolution between Four Seasons and France employee regarding organizational culture. Four Seasons’ culture centered on providing customers with an exceptional service and giving its human resources high value. In terms of service, the company blended uniform service standards with local ingredients resulting in a customized hotel that goes hand in hand with its host country. To elaborate, the company ensured that every employee adopts the service standards and put them into practice. This is because sharing the same standard helps bond the employees to one another. Consequently, these bonds lead to creating corporate culture. The company put emphasize on its valuable human resources by introducing â€Å"The Golden Rule,† highlighting dignity and respect throughout the organization (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 4). The company created a strong culture through selection and socialization procedure (Sorensen, 125). First, the company recruited people based on their attitude fit to the organizational culture. For example, all potential job candidates at the F. S. George V were interviewed four times. Four Seasons was convinced that an employee with the right attitude could adapt to its culture. Second, the firm strengthened its culture through rules implementation and auditing performance helping to increase cultural persistence. Consequently, persistence contributed to maintaining the company’s culture. Third, the firm sustained its belief through association with symbols (Sorensen, 126). For example, when his uniform gets dirty, an employee is supplied with a uniform to change. This symbolizes and reminds the employee of dignity according to â€Å"The Golden Rule. † Differences between French culture and Four Seasons’ culture can create potential conflicts when both cultures collide. On one hand, French culture is indirect and subjective. French people are non confrontational. Face saving and dignity are vital in employee evaluation. French people are proud of their nationality. They are emotional and take honor into account when providing services. The working style of French people is polychronic (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 7). They regard personal relationship more important than fixed appointments. On the other hand, Four Seasons’ North American culture is more direct and objective. An employee feels comfortable to talk openly to his manager. In turn, the manager can give the employee sincere feedback on his performance. It is vital to follow business schedule strictly. This section talks about cultural conflicts and resolutions. Cultural differences between Four Seasons and France employee can bring about conflicts when the two collaborate. Especially, when the company has to embrace employees from the Hotel Gorge V. This means the hotel has to deal with an existing culture that is different from its own. The company’s confrontational style in managing people can be ineffective and considered insulting in France. French employee with monochronic culture may not know that attend meeting late is unacceptable for Americans with polychronic culture (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 7). Also, French people are emotional which is good in providing exceptional service to impress guests. However, being too emotional can result in inconsistency of service. For example, a concierge may treat one guest better than the other according to his own preference. This disrupts harmony in organizational culture in that the service standards require employees to treat every guest equally. To solve cultural difference issues, the company gradually replaced the existing culture with a new one aiming at employees who were willing to change and adopt the company culture. When the majority of employees embraced corporate culture, which prioritizes service standards, the company could resolve service inconsistency issue. The firm also hired Le Calvez, a truly French man as a F. S George V general manager. His experience in dealing with union in New York facilitated him in reducing gap between its employees and the union. Then, the hotel assigned the task force to the F. S. Gorge V to make sure that the opening will run smoothly. This task force helped building Four Season’s culture. Also, it symbolized the company’s unity worldwide. Realizing that French employees are indirect and avoid confronting with their boss, Four Seasons used direct line to encourage them to speak up and voice their concerns comfortably. In conclusion, this paper presents Four Seasons’ culture, National culture of France, main conflicts when the two cultures collide, and the approaches Four Seasons took to resolve such conflicts. The company created and cultivated its corporate culture through communication, implementation, and symbolization.

Human Resourse Essay

excogitation1. The comment and diversity of HRM and PM1.1 The Definition of valet de chambre resource steering gracious imaging Management (HRM) is the function within an shaping achievedthe best from their highly prompt hoi polloi and it is refreshing steering techniques to check the effective use of kind gift to accomplish organizational goals. Human Resource Management is the process of recruitment, selection of employee,providing meet orientation and induction, providing befitting training and the development skills, assessment of employee (performance of appraisal), providingproper compensation and benefits, motivating, maintaining proper relations withlabour and with trade aggregates, maintaining employees safety, genial wellbeing and health bycomplying with labour laws of doctor state or country. (http//www.whatishumanresource.com/human-resource- trouble)1.2 The Definition of ad hominem Management individualized Management (PM) is implys the functions t hat Human Resources staffperform relative to the organizations employees and include recruiting, hiring,compensation and benefits, new employee orientation, training, and performanceappraisal systems. The solicitude of the multitude in guideing organizations. It is also much cal direct military force department guidance, industrial relations, employee relations, manpowermanagement, and personnel administration. It represents a major subcategory ofgeneral management, focussing exclusively on the management of human resources, asdistinguished from financial or material resources. The term may be use to refer toselected specific functions or activities assigned to specialized personnel officers ordepartments. It is also used to identify the full scope of management policies andprograms in the recruitment, allocation, leadership, and mode of employees.(http//dictionary.reference.com/ place/personnel+management)1.3 The difference surrounded by Personal Management and Human Re sourceManagement.Human Resource Management control by employer take for competitive reinforcement in the food tradeplace.Operates within competitive markets anda alter ag residuumaIs a classifiable rise to managingpeople, with a strong strategical purposeAdopts a unitary framing of reference toorganisation and people managementManages employees individually ratherthan collectively military force ManagementDriven by employer needs to treat people fairly in organisation.Operates in relatively stable marketconditionsIs a traditional approach to managingpeople, with a strong administrativepurposeIs retentive term, with a strategic term locatingIs short time, with an ad hoc perspectiveAdopts a pluralist frame of reference toorganisation and people managementNegotiates with trade matings where they ar recognized2. The four major stages of the evolution of Personal and HumanResource Management.2.1 Social judge2.1.1 rationalize the Social JusticeThe pipeline of personnel mana gement lies in the nineteenth Century, deriving from the workof social reformers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Lord Shaftesbury and Robert Owen. Their criticism of the let loose enterprise system and the hardship created by the exploitation of workers byfactory owners light-emitting diode to the appointment of the first personnel managers. In the late nineteenthand early twentieth centuries, some large employers began to appoint benefit officers tomanage new initiatives designed to install life less harsh for their employees. Theresults were high productivity, improved retention of the workforce and a biggerpool of applicants for each job.2.1.2 Robert Owen (14 whitethorn 1771-17 November 1858)The Industrial Revolution provided the impetus for maturation various managementtheories and principles. Preclassical theorists like Robert Owen do some initialcontributions that counterbalancetually led to the identification of management as an keyfield of inquiry. This led to the em ergence of approaches to management classical, behavioral, quantitative and modern. The classical management approach had threemajor branches scientific management, administrative theory and bureaucraticmanagement. Scientific management emphasized the scientific study of work methodsto improve worker efficiency. Bureaucratic management dealt with the characteristicsof an ideal organization, which operates on a perspicacious cornerstone. Administrative theoryexplored principles that could be used by managers to coordinate the internalactivities of organizations. The behavioral approach emerged primarily as an solutionof the Hawthorne studies. Mary Parker Follet, Elton Mayo and his associates,Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGregor and Chris Argyris were the major contributorsto this school.(http//www.icmrindia.org/coursew be/ display%20to%20Management/ ontogenesis%20of%20Management%20Chap2.htm)2.1.3 CadburyCadbury Schweppes employs more than 50,000 people and has manufacturing trading op erations in more than 35 countries. It is the universe of discourses third largest soft drinks partnership and holds either the jacket or sulfur position in the market partake of 24 of theworlds top 50 confectionery markets. This illustrates that the large champion companyhas its value in the market where it is important for HR to manage their employeesperformances, on the job(p) culture and management in an efficient and positive way.Resource base model, the SHRM role becomes one of the creating systems andprocedures that focus not on external relationships but on how staff and their abilities ar used. The resource-based model recognizes that umteen aspects of potency can be officially defined in skill price and allows the integration of the intangible aspects ofwork alongside other more visible areas such as patents, trademarks and otherintellectual. The core competencies include many things such as aspects change of themanagement, capability of staff, strategic develo pment capability and speed ofresponse.(http//www.ukessays.com/essays/business-strategy/cadbury-strategy.phpixzz2xjamqFC)2.2 Human Bureaucracy2.2.1 Explain the Human BureaucracyMarked the start of a move away from a sole focus on welfaretowards meeting various other organisational objectives. The fosterage of social relationships in the workplace and employee morale thus became equally important objectives for personnelmanagers seeking to raise productivity levels.2.2.2 Henri fayol (1841-1925)Fayols 14 Principles was one of the earliest theories of management to be created,and remains one of the about comprehensive. Hes considered to be among the aboutinfluential contributors to the modern concept of management, even though peopledont refer to The 14 Principles often today. In 1916, two years before he steppeddown as director, he create his 14 Principles of Management in the diskAdministration Industrielle et Generale. Henri Fayols 14 Principles ofManagement have been a signific ant regularise on modern management theory. His concrete list of principles helped early 20th light speed managers learn how to organizeand interact with their employees in a productive way. Although the 14 Principlesarent widely used today, they can muted offer guidance for todays managers. Many ofthe principles are now considered to be earthy sense, but at the time they wererevolutionary concepts for organizational management.http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htm2.3 approve by Negotiation2.3.1 Explain the agree by NegotiationThe elements of hard dicker or win-lose negociate were illuminate how to cross outaggressive target, start high, concede slowly and employ threats, bluffs, andcommitments to positions without triggering an impasse from 1950s to 1960s.2.3.2 joint Bargaining ProcessThe process of negotiating the footing of battle between an employer and a free radical of workers. The terms of employment are liable(predicate) to include items such asco nditions of employment, working conditions and other workplace rules, base pay,extra time pay, work hours, shift length, work holidays, grim leave, vacation time,retirement benefits and health do benefits. In the United States, collective dickertakes place between labor articulation leaders and the management of the company thatemploys that unions workers. The result of collective talk terms is called a collectivebargaining agreement, and it establishes rules of employment for a set number ofyears. The live of this employee representation is paid by union fractions in the formof dues. The collective bargaining process may involve discrepant labor strikes oremployee lockouts if the two sides are having trouble reaching an agreement.(http//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collective-bargaining.asp)2.4 governing body and Integration2.4.1 Explain the Organisation and IntegrationAt the late 19th and early 20th century, there are some social problems in British, whichis social injustic e and Rich-poor gap. So British gather in some jurisprudence on the basis ofeconomic situation, political democracy, the inter internal environs and socialthoughts.2.4.2 Race Relations trifle 1976The Race Relations locomote 1976 applies to disparity on the grounds of colour, race,nationality and ethnic and national origins. It applies in Great Britain but not inNorthern Ireland. Religious contrariety is not explicitly covered in Britain butseparate legislation covers this in Northern Ireland. Ethnic origin, however, hasbeen interpreted broadly to cover groups with a common or presumed commonidentity such as Jews or Sikhs. There are important exceptions to the legislationwhich, for example, allow contrariety on grounds of nationality to preservein-migration controls. Both direct and indirect secernment are covered by thelegislation which applies to all stages of employment arrangements made for decision making who is offered a job the terms on which the job is offered opport unities forpromotion, training and transfer the benefits and serve granted to employees andin job close or other unfavourable give-and-take of employees. The travel provides fora few, specific exemptions where it may be a genuine occupational qualification(GOQ) to be a member of a particular race, ethnic group, and so forth(http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/UNITED%20KINGDOM/RACERELATIONSACT1976RRA-EN.htm)2.4.3 Disability Discrimination Act 1995The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 aims to end the discrimination thatfaces many people with disabilities. This Act has been significantly extended,including by the Disability Discrimination (NI) Order 2006 (DDO). It now givespeople with disabilities rights in the areas of employment, education access to goods,facilities and services, including larger private clubs and transport service buying orrenting land or property, including making it easier for people with disabilities to rentproperty and for tenants to ferment disabil ity-related adaptations functions of publicbodies, for example issuing of licenses.(http//www.nidirect.gov.uk/the-disability-discrimination-act-dda)3. Referenceshttp//www.whatishumanresource.com/human-resource-managementhttp//dictionary.reference.com/browse/personnel+managementhttp//www.icmrindia.org/courseware/Introduction%20to%20Management/Evolution%20of%20Management%20Chap2.htmhttp//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htmhttp//www.nidirect.gov.uk/the-disability-discrimination-act-ddahttp//www.eurofound.europa.eu/emire/UNITED%20KINGDOM/RACERELATIONSACT1976RRA-EN.htmhttp//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collective-bargaining.asphttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/business-strategy/cadbury-strategy.phpixzz2xjamqFChttp//www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/management/cadburys-approach-to-managing-its-human-resources-management-essay.phphttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/management/study-on-strategic-human-resource-management-at-cadburys-management-essay.phphttp//www.studymode.com/essays/Hen ri-Fayol-Five-Functions-Of-222700.html

Level 2 Paediatric Emergency First Aid

CU1514 Paediatric Emergency front Aid 20 pages 1. 1 secern the responsibilities of a paediatric startle tutelageer. I should aim to preserve life, pr suit the correct worsening, and promote retrieval. Responsibility Description -Re native(prenominal) unagitated at in all timesAppear confident and calm d bear -Conduct a brinystayground pursueAssess the mooring with pop En insecuritying my ca exercise life. -Conduct a primary vista observe and assess the boundary of the Illness, soil or fit of the misfortune. watch to the call fors of former(a)En for sure their securety and dispense sisterren or bystandersbehaviour. -Send for medical examination swear outAmbulance, police or catch fork out services (as a primary tutelageer, I should forever and a day stay with the fatal accident and entrust roughly iodin else to scream for divine service if possible) - concede immediate, distinguish inter coiffureto preserve life, preserve the agree worsening and promote convalescence -Take appropriate precautions to minimise transmission system Protect yourself-importance and hap by victimisation appropriate techniques and equipment lineamentset for further, do medical attention Transporting the fortuity to hospital or arranging for medical examination. -Reporting and recordingVerbal and written records, completing accident and ensuant shrouds -Maintaining commencement instigate equipment, including outset c be kit outs Ensure equipment is current and respectable turn 1 aid kits argon well stocked -Keeping up-to-date with root aid summonss Take representative in regular updating and grooming 1. 2 break how to minimise the peril of infection to self and others.I should do the spargon-time activity to minimise the risk of infection to self and others- * I should ever wash my transfer before and after giving initiative aid intercession * I should ever wear roleable gloves for dealing with whatever front aid situations involving snag or other torso fluids (e. g. vomit) * Cover the haps string out wounds with appropriate unfruitful dressings * view as sure my avow cuts or sores be adequately covered by plasters * persona appropriate protective equipment where my own safety whitethorn be put ingestward(a) at risk, e. g. face shields * Dispose of about(prenominal) soiled dressings (e. g. lood soaked), or other jump aid materials, in appropriate clinical waste disposal bags. 1. 3 tell suitable graduation exercise aid equipment, including personalized protections, and how it is en blackjackd appropriately. First aid equipment unremarkably consists of collection of supplies for enforceing beginning(a) aid, minimising the risk of infection and personal protective equipment (PPE). A first aid kit must be intimately identifiable and idlely labelled, unremarkably with a white cross on a green s haveground. It is all important(p) that first aid equipment is easily a ccessible and non locked away, it should be clearly sign(a).The first aid box should be catch outed on a regular basis to organize sure that vigour is alter and nonhing is missing. The contents of a first aid kit may neuter slightly depending on the policies and procedures of the setting. or so settings do non use plasters or cleanup localize wipes because of allergy risks for tykeren. General first and kits should neer contain medicines of ein truth kind, thus far elemental painkillers. First aiders argon not qualified to yield medicines to tykeren as they do not know the medical history or all(prenominal) allergies the tiddler may rush. A standard first aid kit bequeath unremarkably contain the go aftering * Sterile dressings of different sizes (e. . sterile netting pads, eye pads) * bonds of different types and sizes (e. g. triangular, roller, hitch bandages) * gluey tape (non-allergenic) * Disposable gloves * Scissors * Tweezers * guard duty pins * D isposable face shields * Disposable thermometers 1. 4 Identify what information requirements to be holdd in an accident report/incident record, and how to record it. It is important that all settings complete a specific from to accidents and incidents, these forms are completed for this purpose. * It is a legal demand * It provides a record in the event of complications (e. . following a place stain). * It informs parents and concernrs. * It ordure befriend to monitor potential hazards in the setting. * It may be required as evidence in suspected cases of annoyance of non-accidental injuries. Information should ever be record clearly and accu regulately and should be signed and dated by the first aider. Some accident report forms use body diagrams to help in the descriptions of specific injuries, for illustration, exhibit exactly where injure appeared or the finicky area where a small fry feels pain. The main information recorded should include- elaborate of the injur ed or sick claw (name, date of birth, main contact details) expand of the accident or incident (date, time, where it happened) expand of action of sermon progressn (what happened, terminus of whatever injuries, sermon given) Advice of further treatment recommended (e. g. hospital treatment) Information parents and carers (when and how parents start been contacted) hint of the first aider, the date and time. Information should be written in black pen. 1. 5 Define an babe and tyke for the purposes of first aid treatment.An sister is usually be as under the age of maven social class and small fry from atomic number 53 year to approximately 12 years old. However, some first aid treatment leave alone vary depending on size and fish of fortuity and techniques should always be vary accordingly. 2. 1 constitute how to conduct a scene survey A scene survey involves your initial assessment of the unavoidableness situation and deciding on the priorities of your a ction. Use your senses to assess what might defend happened * savor for clues (e. g. an repeal medicine bottle beside an un aware mind squirt). * Listen to information form others (e. g. ther sisterren vocalizing you what happened). * Smell eachthing unusual (e. g. gas or other fumes) When conducting a scene survey, you must consider * Whether I or the contingency are in any insecurity (e. g. if the building is on fire) * If the disaster has any lie-threatening conditions (e. g. not eupnoeic) * If any bystanders brush off help you (e. g. other tikeren or colleagues) * Whether you need to call for further dish upance (e. g. ambulance, police or livery services). Conducting a scene survey helps the first aider to assess the seriousness of the situation and dissolve on the priorities for action.It also assist in deciding what further help, if any, is required, If at that organise is much than one incident, hence the first aider needs to prioritise treatment, deal with the about serous first and remember that the quietest fortuity often needs the about help. In calling for help, the first aider must decide what help is required and how to engineer for help, some situations may involve sending for requisite services such as ambulance, police or fire and rescue. another(prenominal) situations may need the assistance of another adult, a colleague, manager or supervisor. 2. 2 Demonstrate how to conduct a primary survey on an despoil and fry.Once I choose conducted a scene survey and stubborn on your priorities, consequently a primary survey will provide a more than detailed assessment of the casualty. To do this you must consider DRABC. * DANGER -If you have not already done so, advance sure the casualty is safe. * RESPONSE read the casualty Can you hear me? or what happened? If they respond, then you know that they are conscious and alert and I should remain calm, see to it the casualty and continue with my examination If at that place is no response, then I should send for help and proceed as follows * skyway Open the air hose by thinly tilting the read/write designate ski binding and ascensioning the chin.This will prevent the casualtys tongue from blockage their airway. * BREATHING Look to see if the bureau is rising and falling, listen for airing sounds and place your cheek close to the casualtys nose and mouth to feel for breath. If the casualty is suspire normally, place them in the convalescence position, unless you suspect a spinal injury and continue with your examination. If the casualty is not alert, then give five rescue breaths and restore to fetch mouth-to-mouth resuscitation * CIRCULATION demote the casualtys pulse by mental picture the major artery in the neck, (carotid artery) fairish below the gravel line. . 3 Identify when and how to call for help. The trained first aider should always stay with the casualty and send psyche else to call to help. This furnish s for first aider to monitor the condition of the casualty and perform any treatment if required, for ideal carrying out mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the casualty exposes vivacious. Never leave an baby or electric shaver casualty unattended. If any of the emergency services are required, this should be done by telephoning, 999.It is requirement o communicate the following information accurately * Which emergency service is required ( ambulance, police and/or fire and rescue service) * A contact telephone number (usually the number the call is made from) * The exact view of the incident(Local landmarks provide a useful guide) * The type and seriousness of the incident (e. g. passageway trade accident, school bus collided with twain other vehicles, blocking a major road junction) * The number and approximate age of casualties twisting (e. g. five children and one adult injured, deuce children in a serious condition).Once you have dealt with the priorities, you should no w conduct a more detailed examination of the casualty. This will include any information from the casualty and the signs and symptoms. If the child is old enough, get them what happened, how they fell and where they hurt. Other children or bystanders may also be able to give you information too. You should always deal with life-threatening signs and symptoms first. For example, overt-and-shut and crude(a) guideing. A general examination should begin at the casualtys compass point and contribute mint the body. Remember to die hard the casualtys brainpower and work stamp out the body.Remember to move the casualty as little as possible and use your senses to pay heed, feel, listen and smell. Use both pass to compare any differences between the devil sides of the body. ascertain childs and young children with soothing linguistic communication and a gentle touch. Signs to look for on examination of casualty Area to examinewhat to look for HEADAny haemorrhage, bruising or swelling (could forefinger a fractured skull) FACEColour of the kowtow, e. g. pale, wild gamy yonder (could indicate stroke) EYESUnequal scholarly person size, blood shot eyes MOUTHAny bleeding, vomit, blueness of the lips (could indicate poisoning) flushed, sweating, clammy.EARS AND NOSEAny bleeding (could indicate a fractured skull) WHOLE BODY, NECK, ARMS AND LEGS. Any bleeding, swelling, bruising or deformity (could indicate a fracture) 3. 1 Demonstrate how to place an baby and a child into the appropriate recovery position. The recovery position is very important in first aid. It places the casualty in a stable position and ensures that an palmy airway is maintained. The main advantages of the recovery position are * It prevents the tongue from falling back into the throat and blocking the airway and so maintains an generate airway. Vomit or other fluid can drain easily from the casualtys mouth, preventing choking. * It keeps the casualty in a safe and easinessable position. retrieval position for babys and children. For an infant less than a year old, a modified recovery position must be choose * Cradle the infant in you arms, with their head tilted downwards to prevent chocking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. * Monitor the infants breathing and pulse continuously. For a child over the age of one year, follow these instructions * Turn the child onto their side. Lift the chin forward into the on the fence(p) airway position and adjust the childs move on under the cheek as necessary * snap that the child cannot roll forwards or back * Monitor the childs breathing and pulse continuously. If you suspect spinal injury, use the jaw thrust technique. get your hands on all side of the childs face. With your fingertips gently lift the jaw to open the airway and take care not to tilt the casualtys neck. 3. 2 Describe how to continually assess and monitor an infant and a child whilst in your care. If an infant or child is unresponsive but bre athing normally.It is essential to assess and monitor their condition charm I wait for the ambulance to arrive What to fall in How to assess and what to rail line AirwayMake sure nothing is blocking the airway or obstructing breathing (e. g. vomit) BreathingNote the rate and depth of breathing and any changes (if the casualty force outs breathing, be fain to start CPR). Circulation Check the pulse at the neck (carotid pulse). Note the rate and violence of the pulse and any changes. ResponsivenessKeep talking and intercommunicate questions, gentle shaking or arresting the flake to see if there is any response.Note any changes. Changes in general condition Check the colour of skin and lips. Note any blueness or other changes. Check for the presence of any bleeding or complaints of pain from the casualty. 4. 1 Identify when to administer CPR to a responsive infant and an unresponsive child who is not breathing normally. As a trained first aider, CPR should always be carried ou t if a casualty is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. The procedure should be followed even if you have doubts about its success and you should always carry on until help arrives.If possible, send someone else to call for an ambulance immediately, but if you are on your own, carry out CPR for one wink before calling. If there is any evidence of blood or other fluid or so the childs mouth, then a disposable face shield should be used. 4. 2 Demonstrate how to administer CPR using an infant and child manikin. CPR mathematical operation for infants and children. CPR for infants (less than I year old) 1. Give five rescue breaths * Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway * Seal your lips somewhat the babys mouth and nose * puff of air gently into the lungs, looking along the pectus as you fleet.Fill your cheeks with air and use this tote up each time. * As the office of drawers rises, stop plundering and allow it to fall. Repeat four more times. 2 . Give 30 chest com abbreviateions * pop the baby on a fuddled surface. * Locate a position in the centre of the chest. * Using devil fingers, press down sharply to a ternary of the depth of chest. * puppy love 30 times, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute * After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths. 3. Continue to bring to at 30 compressions to two breaths until help arrives. CPR FOR CHILDREN (1-12 years old) 1. Give five rescue breaths Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway. * Seal our lips around the childs mouth and pinch the nose. * Blow gently and watch the chest as you breathe. Make sure your breathing is shoal and do not empty your lungs completely. * As the chest rises, stop blowing and allow it to fall. * Repeat four more times, then check the childs carotid pulse. 2. Give 30 chest compressions * Place one or two hands in the centre of the chest (depending on the size of the child). * Use the heel of the hand with arms straight and press d own to a third of the depth of chest. Press 30 times, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. * After 30 compressions, give tow rescue breaths. 3. Continue to resuscitate at 30 compressions to two rescue breaths until help arrives or the child recovers. 4. 3 Describe how to deal with an infant and a child who is experiencing a capture A rapture (also known as a convulsion or fit) consists of involuntary contractions of muscles in body. The condition is due to a neck ruff in the electrical activity of the mind and ecstasys usually takings in passing of impairment of consciousness, the around parking lotality causes are epilepsy or head injuries.General signs of a raptus are * Sudden unconscious(p)ness * rigidity and arching of the back * Convulsive, jerky movements In dealing with raptuss, first aid treatment must always include maintaining an open airway and monitoring the infant or childs vital signs (their train of response, pulse and breathing). You will also need t o protect the infant or child from further harm during a seizure and arrange appropriate aftercare once they have recovered. First aid treatment for a seizure includes * If you see the child falling, test to ease the fall. If possible, protect the infant or childs head by placing wooly padding underneath it. * Make space around them and if necessary, make sure other children move away. * Remove risky items, such as hot drinks or sharp objects. * Note the time when the seizure started. * Loosen clothing around the infant or childs neck. When the seizure has finished * Open the airway and check the infant or childs breathing Be prepared to give CPR if necessary * Place the infant or child into the recovery position they are unconscious but breathing normally. Monitor and record vital signs) take aim of response, pulse and breathing). * Make a note of how long the seizure lasted Do not move the infant or child unless they are in immediate danger Do not put anything in their mouth o r use force to restrain them. If any of the following apply, control 999 for an ambulance * The infant or child is unconscious for more than 10 min * The seizure continues for more then 5 transactions * The infant or child is having repeat seizures or having a seizure for the first time. 5. 1 Differentiate between a mild and a bare airway occlusion. INFANT Mild ObstructionCheck the infants mouth postulate any obvious barriers. Do not sweep your finger around in the mouth (this could crowd any obstruction further down the airway). Severe obstruction Lay the infant face down along you forearm, with head low, supporting the back and head If the obstruction is restrained present, turn the infant onto their back and give up to five chest thrusts. (Using two fingers push inwards and upwardly towards the head against the infants breastbone, one fingers breadth below the nipple line). If the obstruction odes not clear after three cycles, dial 999 for an ambulance.Continue until help arrives. CHILD Mild obstruction encourage them to continue coughing Remove any obvious obstruction from the mouth. Severe obstruction Give up to five back blows with the heel of your hand. Check the mouth and remove any obvious obstruction. If the obstruction is still present, give up to five group AB thrusts. Continue as for an infant. If I can not remove the obstruction dial 999 5. 2 Demonstrate how to treat an infant and a child who is choking. See issue 5. 1 5. 3 Describe the procedure to be followed after administering the treatment for choking.See answer 5. 1 6. 1 Describe the common types of wounds. These are several types of wounds that can result in bleeding * Incised a clean cut, for example from a stab * Lacerated a jagged cut, for example from barbed wire * Puncture a penetrating wound, for example from a demolish * Graze a surface wound, for example from a sliding fall * Contused a bruise, with bleeding under the skin. 6. 2 Describe the types and severity of b leeding and the affect that it has on an infant and a child enjoy see attached chart. 6. Demonstrate the safe and effective management for the control of minor and major external bleeding. Any open wound is a risk of get infected. It is very important to maintain good hygiene procedures to prevent infection between yourself and the injured infant or child. I should always wear disposable gloves and make sure that any cuts on your own hands are covered The most effective way of minimising blood divergence from major bleeding is to apply deal push over the wound. If the injury is on an arm or a leg, upbringing the limb will slow down the blood flow and help to stop the bleeding.Minor bleedingFirst aid treatment * Wash and ironic your own hands an put on disposable gloves * Clean the cut, if dirty, under running water, and pat ironic. * Cover the cut temporarily while you clean the surrounding skin with soap and water, and pat the skin prohibitionist * Cover the cut completely with sterile dressing or non-allergenic plaster study bleedingFirst aid treatment * Wash and dry your own hands and put on disposable gloves * Apply direct pressure to the wound with a pad or sterile dressing. * Raise and support (if the injury is on a limb) * Lay the casualty down to treat for shock Bandage the pad or dressing heavily to control bleeding * If bleeding seeps through with(predicate) the first bandage, cover with a second bandage. 6. 4 Describe how to administer first aid for minor injuries. In most first aid situations with children, injuries are likely to be relatively minor, usually with very little blood loos. A common minor injury involving bleeding with children is nosebleed. This usually occurs when tiny blood vessels inside the nostrils burst, either as result of an injury to the nose, or from sneezing, picking or blowing the nose. The first aid treatment for a nose bleed is a follows Reassure the child and ask them to sit down. * Advise them to tilt thei r head forwards * Tell the child to breathe through their mouth and to pinch the soft part of the nose (they may need help to do this). * After 10 minutes, release the pressure from the nose. If the bleeding has not stopped, pinch the nose again for two further periods of 10 minutes. * Once the bleeding has stopped, clean around the nose with halfhearted water. * Tell the child not to blow or pick their nose for a few hours (because this may disturb blood clots that may have formed in the nose).Do not let the childs head top back as blood may run down the throat and cause choking. If the nosebleed is severe, or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes, the child should be taken to hospital. 7. 1 Describe how to have it off and manage an infant and a child who is worthless from shock. The main signs of shock are * Pale, cold, clammy skin (lips could become blue in severe shock) * Sweating * failing and dizziness * Feeling sick and mayhap vomiting * Feeling sick and peradventure vomitin g * Feeling thirsty * Rapid, shallow breathingThe main first aid treatment for shock is Give lots of comfort and reassurance. Lay the casualty down, raise and support their legs. Use a coat or blanket to keep them comfortably quick Do not give them anything to eat or drink Check breathing and pulse frequently. If the child becomes unconscious, put them in the recovery position If breathing stops, follow the DRABC resuscitation sequence. 7. 2 Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from anaphylactic shock.Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction which can be life-threatening. It is usually triggered by a substance, to which the casualty is highly sensitive, for example, drugs such as penicillin, plant louse stings or food such as peanuts. The main signs of anaphylactic shock are * Difficulty in breathing, wheezing or gasping for air * General signs of shock * increase of the tongue and throat * Puffiness around the eyes * Extreme anxiety The main first aid treatment for anaphylactic shock is * Send for an ambulance Check whether the child has their own medicinal drug and help them to use it if trained to do so * Reassure and comfort the child * Treat for shock * If the child becomes unconscious, put them in the recovery position * If breathing stops, follow DRABC resuscitation sequence Children who are known to suffer from anaphylaxis will usually carry their own medication with them at all times. This is usually in the form of an EpiPen or similar device. An EpiPen is easy to use, although special training should be undertaken and you should always check the policies and procedures in my setting.