The History of the Hand Grenade

A grenade is a small explosive, chemical, or gas bomb. It is used at short range, thrown by hand or launched with a grenade launcher. The resulting powerful explosion causes shockwaves and disperses high-speed fragments of the metal, which provoke shrapnel wounds. The word grenade comes from the French word for pomegranate. because the early grenades looked like pomegranates. Origins The earliest recorded grenades were from the 8th century CE, Byzantine period incendiary weapons known as the Greek Fire. Enhancements over the next few centuries spread the technology through the Islamic world and into the Far East. Early Chinese grenades featured a metal casing and a gunpowder filling. Fusese were waxed candle sticks. Grenades first came into widespread military use in Europe in the 16th century. The first grenades were hollow iron balls filled with gunpowder and ignited by a slow burning fuse rolled in dampened gunpowder and dried. This standard design weighed between 2.5 and six pounds each. During the 17th  century, armies began to form specialized divisions of soldiers trained to throw grenades. These specialists were called grenadiers, and for a time were regarded as elite fighters; by the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1815), elite grenadiers left the grenade throwing to fighting direct sieges. By the 19th century, with the increased improvement of firearms, grenades popularity decreased and largely fell out of use. They were first used extensively again during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). The hand grenades of World War I can be described as empty cans filled with gunpowder and stones, with a primitive fuse. The Australians used the tin cans from jam and their early grenades were nicknamed Jam Bombs. Mills Bomb The first safe (for the person throwing it) grenade was the Mills bomb, invented by English engineer and designer William Mills in 1915. Mills bomb incorporated some design elements of a Belgian self-igniting grenade, however, he added safety enhancements and upgraded its deadly efficiency. These changes revolutionized trench-war combat. Britain manufactured millions of Mills bombs pins during the course of World War I, popularizing the explosive device that remains one of the most iconic weapons of the 20th  century. Other Types Two other important grenade designs that emerged from the first war are the German stick grenade, a narrow explosive with sometimes troublesome pull chord that was prone to accidental detonation, and the Mk II â€Å"pineapple† grenade, designed for the U.S. military in 1918. Sources and Further Information Carman, W.Y. A History of Firearms: From Earliest Times to 1914. London: Routledge, 2016.Chase, Kenneth Warren. Firearms: A Global History to 1700. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.OLeary, Thomas A. Hand Grenade. Patent US2080896A. U.S. Patent Office, May 18, 1937.  Rottman, Gordon L. The Hand Grenade. New York: Bloomsbury, 2015.

The Economic And Political Problems Of The 60s And 70

The economic and political problems of the 60’s and 70’s have left a huge influence on the ideas and actions of politicians today. From stagflation to the Vietnam War many politicians use these past issues to justify their policies of today. One of the most influential economists who emerged in the sixties was Milton Friedman, who fought against the establishment’s Keynesian view and many of the policies of FDR. He won a Nobel Prize in 1976 for his work in monetary policy with specific beliefs in controlling the federal debt, keeping inflation low, and ideals of a lassiez-faire market. His ideals influenced some of Regan’s policies of deregulation and tax cuts and drives most of the economic policies of the modern Republican Party. One of†¦show more content†¦Rather he said people based their expenditures on their expected income in the next years or where they expect to be. This was a huge theory that challenged much of the academic establishment at the time and began to give a light to many conservatives who felt like the policies of FDR’s new deal was strangling. In 1962 Friedman wrote arguably his most notable book â€Å"Capitlism and Freedom† which he argued for many things including freely floating exchange rates, the abolition of licensing doctors, and negative tax rates instead of welfare programs. Friedman argued for a lower tax rates and a flat tax past a certain income level to keep American efficiency at up but, unlike a most conservatives, also argued for giving money back to people below a certain income level. He felt like this was a much simpler approach to the problem and felt like welfare programs were all too complex and inefficient. His book famously also argued that inflation rate being higher would also lead to higher unemployment rate and that national debt was tied to the inflation rate. In 1970’s in a giant rise in stagflation due to a poor economy and opec raising its prices, Fr iedman looked like a genius and landed himself a spot on the Nixon advisory team. Although there were still economists who doubted Friedman’s theories as in Canada their national debt

Prevalence of Melanoma in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Melanoma. Answer: Introduction This scholarly paper will discuss melanoma which is a dangerous form of cancer. The prevalence of melanoma is high in some countries such as Australia and the U.S. and can be managed with several treatments. Surgical excision and radiotherapy are the forms of treatments that will be addressed in this paper. Melanoma Melanoma is a deadly but treatable type of cancer if detected and treated at an early stage. This form of cancer occurs from melanocytes (skin cells). The clinical manifestation of melanoma is the development of a mole (Bristow, Berker, Acland, Turner, Bowling, 2010). A mole can develop in any part of the body. However, in men, it tends to develop in the back while in women it tends to occur in the legs. Most melanomas are caused by exposure to UV light (Goodson Grossman, 2009). The development of melanoma is uncommon before puberty. The incidences of melanoma rise as a person approach 15 years and peaks at about 30 years (Bristow, Berker, Acland, Turner, Bowling, 2010). In most cases, it is not possible to detect melanoma at the early stages. Prevalence of melanoma in Australia In 2007, 10342 cases of melanoma were detected in Australia. 1279 people died from melanoma in the same year. This population comprised of 864 males and 415 females. From 1968 and 2007, about 29,825 individuals died from melanoma. The high prevalence of melanoma in Australia is attributed to the exposure to UV light. The most common kinds of melanomas in Australia are acral and nodular (Sneyd Cox, 2013). Due to the geographical location of Australia, the incidences of melanoma might continue to increase. Prevalence of Melanoma in the United States One study revealed that there were 76,690 incidences of Melanoma in 2013 (Ji, Baze, Davis, Feldman, Fleischer, 2013). Between 1992 and 2004, there were only 70,596 incidences of melanoma (Linos, Swetter, Cockburn, Colditz, Clarke, 2009). In men, the incidence of melanoma is increasing at 154.4 percent while in women the incidence is rising at 90.2 percent. Melanomas are more prevalent in whites than in Hispanics, Asians and Black Americans. 65 percent of the cases of Melanoma in America occur in persons aged 55 years and above. One in every 37 men has a chance of developing melanoma. On the other hand, one in every 56 females has the risk developing melanoma. Between 1990 and 2004, the mortality rate due to melanoma increased by 0.4 percent (Linos, Swetter, Cockburn, Colditz, Clarke, 2009). Two treatment methods Surgical excision Surgical excision is among the most effective treatments for melanoma. Once a person is diagnosed with melanoma, a wide surgical excision is required. This treatment option is supported by the fact that melanoma cells extend several millimetres or centimetres. Thus, the visible malignant melanoma is not usually the actual tumour. Surgical excision aims to control local recurrence (Mun, 2012). Excision is conducted based on the available clinical trials for primary tumours. Empirical studies suggest that wide excision is linked with minimized chances of local recurrence. The existing evidence suggests that there are no thin melanomas and minimal excision might not improve the condition of the patient (Lens, Nathan, Bataille, 2007). Most surgeons advocate for excisions of 0.5 cm to manage melanoma. Depending on the size of the melanoma, an excision of 1.0 cm might be proposed (Mun, 2012). Amputation may also be done based on the anatomical location. Even though providers debate on the depth of the excision, it should reach the muscle fascia. Radiotherapy Although melanoma is thought to be a radioresistant tumour, radiotherapy has been found to yield success. This therapy is beneficial for symptomatic metastases. Individuals with CNS metastases have higher chances of getting success from radiation therapy. Radiation therapy results in success in patients with CNS metastases because systemic therapies fail to penetrate into the CNS (Bhatia, Tykodi, Thompson, 2009). Radiation therapy is also used if excision is thought to have low success. Radiotherapy has been used for radiosurgery for melanoma brain metastases, plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, intensity modulated radiotherapy for melanoma of the head and neck (Khan, Khan, Almasan, Macklis, 2011).In the future, radiotherapy will be used more for high-risk patients. Conclusion As discussed in this paper, melanoma is a form of cancer which is rare before puberty, but causes significant disease burden. The incidences of melanoma are increasing in the U.S. and Australia due to exposure to UV light. Despite its severity, melanoma can be treated through excision and radiotherapy if detected early. References Bhatia, S., Tykodi, S. S., Thompson, J. A. (2009). Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: An Overview. Oncology (Williston Park) , 23 (6), 488-496. Bristow, I. R., Berker, D. A., Acland, K. M., Turner, R. J., Bowling, J. (2010). Clinical guidelines for the recognition of melanoma of the foot and nail unit. Journal of foot and ankle research , 3 (1), 25. Goodson, A. G., Grossman, D. (2009). Strategies for early melanoma detection: approaches to the patient with nevi. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology , 60 (5), 719-735. Ji, A. L., Baze, M. R., Davis, S. A., Feldman, S. R., Fleischer, A. B. (2013). Ambulatory Melanoma Care Patterns in the United States. Journal of skin cancer , 689261. Khan, M. K., Khan, N., Almasan, A., Macklis, R. (2011). Future of radiation therapy for malignant melanoma in an era of newer, more effective biological agents. OncoTargets and therapy , 4, 137-148. Lens, M. B., Nathan, P., Bataille, V. (2007). Excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma: updated pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Surgery , 142 (9), 885-891. Linos, E., Swetter, S. M., Cockburn, M. G., Colditz, G. A., Clarke, C. A. (2009). Increasing burden of melanoma in the United States. Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 129 (7), 1666-1674. Mun, G.-H. (2012). Management of Malignant Melanoma. Archives of plastic surgery , 39 (5), 565-574. Sneyd, M. J., Cox, B. (2013). A comparison of trends in melanoma mortality in New Zealand and Australia: the two countries with the highest melanoma incidence and mortality in the world. BMC cancer , 13 (1), 372.

William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet has been one of the most controversial works of all time Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet has been one of the most controversial works of all time Essay William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet has been one of the most controversial works of all time. There have been so many criticisms on this book and opinions on what the main theme behind the play is. Many themes have been proposed such as revenge, sex, reality and jealousy. I myself believe that there is no one theme behind Hamlet and it is a complex with work with many complex ideas behind it. I didnt realize this until I read the criticisms and saw how things I interpreted so plainly was interpreted many different ways by others who had read the play. Gatorades sexuality, which is uncontrolled and powerful, is a major aspect of the play. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet has been one of the most controversial works of all time specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hamlet can not have Gertrude and this leads Hamlet to have powerful and uncontrollable feelings of maternal malevolence. It is him mothers quick remarriage to Claudius that galls Hamlet the most Bradly, 40 Frailty thy name is woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor fathers body Like Niobe, all tears, why she, even she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"married with my uncle, My fathers brother, but no more like my father Than I to hercules. Within a month, Ere yet the salt of most unrightous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets. It is not, nor it cannot come to good. But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue. I personally think that that live has more to do with Hamlets anger with his mother for marrying so soon than with his jealousy and his own love for his mother. I had also interpreted it as saying that his mothers tears were false, or she would have mourned much longer, and not married his fathers brother. It is a generally accepted view nowadays that Gertrude must have felt a tremendous attachment to Claudious. Rose, 61 Nor sense to ecstasy was ever so thralled But it reseved some quatity of choice To serve in such a difference I took that to mean the opposite of what the critic was saying, that Gertrude was never really in love with Claudius. Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it. Who does it then? His madness. Ift be so, Hamlet is of the faction that is wronged. For Hamlets madness was but the reflection of the villa which he found himself surrounded, of which Claudious was the most prolific source. Kitto, 87 Although most people do believe that Hamlet was crazy, I do not agree. I could understand the feeling that he felt going through the play and although he did some strange things, people do when under that type of stress. As you can see, certain statements in this play can be interpreted in many different ways. I have found reading over criticisms very interesting and it helped me see a whole new side and perspective of Hamlet and his motives. I hope that I have provided a good overview to the criticisms on Hamlet and provided some of my own views on the play.

Progressivism Essay Example

Progressivism Essay Example Progressivism Essay Progressivism Essay Progressivism was an era that desired movement toward reform; it was not single instance but based on a series of advancements. With a new urban-industrial American on deck came the socioeconomic challenges of every day life. Ata basic level, It was a response to the political and cultural changes that plagued the nation, the challenges as side effect of an Industrial society. Many people were Involved In Progressivism, especially the middle class. Even the Immigrant, slum dwellers, and hard laborers took some initiative in hopes to refine the system. Collectively, the people embroiled the series of actions that demanded and granted changes the society of the nation, creating an era that was recognized for the progressive movement that led to outcomes that changed the socioeconomic status of America. Major concerns engulfed the nations society, thus leading to the desire for reform. Some of the central issues included the spread of poverty, the exploitation of labor, monopolies, the breakdown of democratic government, and social injustice. Overall the problems promoted a rapid movement toward financial and industrial concentration and the people were simply a side affect. Most Jobs were performed under hazardous conditions and for very little In wages. Wages were not even enough to support a family let alone feed their starving children. There was an absence of sick day, vacation time and certainly no benefits. Many workers were injured on the job and some even died as result, an example of the atrocities can be seen in many of the exposes by Lincoln Stiffen, The Shame of Cites (1901) and Jane Adams encouraged that a workers level they demand better conditions (Democracy and Social Ethics [1902] and Twenty Years at the Hull House [1910]). From miners inhaling toxic substances causing respiratory disease (Granites Cutter Journal), to textile mills burring to the ground with no chance for escape due to locked doors as exemplified in the incident of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, children often labored for long days and at very young ages. Corporations also grew at an alarming rate, determining monopolies and this controlling the prices of the good produced from them. Clearly at prices In which the common man, usually denned as the unskilled worked who maltreatment a barely there Income could not afford. The determination or financial gain by corporate leaders was at the expense of the middle class and rural labors. The abuse of political power was on the rise and resulted in fraudulent elections and bribery created by party loyalties. There was also little government support for those drowning in poverty, slums were in abundance and social morale was at an all time low. The only ones who seems to be afloat the poverty line and enjoying their lives were the corporate and scandalous political leaders who turned a blind eye to the reality of the society and the ruins it laid in Since many Americans ere worried that the economics in conjunction with political power would distract from the historic traditions of responsible democratic government and free Industrial opportunity they began to form what we know today as the progressives. The progressives Included much of the middle class which consisted of business men, teachers, lawyers, social workers, and people of religion. Often times new, middle class professionals suggested that the application of the professions would aid retorting ten problems noted In collect Muckraking Journalists were also Known as regressive. The Journalist sought to attack and sensationalist corruption and scandal with a sense of moral outrage. Also involved with the progressive movement were groups of frustrated workers who longed to stamp out capitalism. In addition, women too played an integral role in the successes of the Progressive Era as well. They pursued voting rights for woman and social welfare (playgrounds, nurseries to the slums, and banning of unsafe food goods). Though many progressive reformers tended to be white, activist W. E. B. Du Bobs, promoted African American reform and encouraged the demand for equality and full integration into American life. He helped form the NAACP that would help organized and evolve the urban black middle class. The middle class may have been the predominate group in the fight for change and served as an influential role that led to the accomplishments and reform established during this period, all people in the progressive culture were considered contributors in this effort. Progressives faced many difficulties in attempting to reform their society as they knew it; however they were not without many valiant successes. These successes were on a variety of levels, economically, socially and politically. Economically there were many gains, for instance, child labor was outlawed in 1907 by thirty states. The work day was now regulated by the Adamson Act of 1916 and due to many journalistic enlightenments investigators were now out and about evaluating workplace safety and potential hazards as seen in documents depicting horrendous conditions like Granites Cutter Journal depicting the miners hazards. The Jungle depicted the utter lows of the meat packing industry. Employers were now held viable for work related injuries and death (The Workmens Compensation Act of 1916). Monopolies were broken down, Theodore Roosevelt, a supporter of progressivism, was dubbed as the trust buster as he helped control big business. The biggest trust that Roosevelt busted was the one involving Northern Securities and J. P. Morgan. Roosevelt had a heavy hand in much of this reform though Wilson and Taft must also be commended for their efforts. Having progressives in political office aided in the success of reform, especially in the realm of government. The middle class peoples also did their part to improve politics. Voters were now allowed to propose new laws, accept or reject the law and to remove political officials and judges from office before their term was over. They also advocated for nominating candidates into primaries and holding elections that diverted fraud, bribery, and other scandalous activities. The Journalist muckrakers helped this cause by exploiting the political wrong doings. To accompany the political and economic success that had prevailed there were also many social advances made. Women, especially implement a support system for immigrants that had recently come to the country. Educational opportunities, sanitation, things as simple as garbage pick up, and municipal hygiene came into importance as did the ideas of proper behavior. Amusement parks like Coney Island offer an escape from the hard reality of the working world as did movies. The environment became a concern and movement toward reducing the coal burning toxins in the air was now a priority, It was thought that if the social environment, surrounding the people improved it would improve the people. By making Delegating ten communities It would Dost morale Ana motivate people to become more efficient and self sustaining. It would offer promise and reward to a society that had longer for reform. In lieu of the many gains that the Progressive Era established, there still loomed racism and moralist. Racism continued to run ramped backed by the blessing of the government. Even those ideals that were said to be equal in essence were but in reality were not. In particular would be political representation, the right to vote and schools for the black community. Schools were established for both white and blacks, proposing the idea that school was equally available however the quality of each was dramatically efferent. Violence against black was common; the technique of choice was lynching. It was taken to a whole new level when in 1916 a Texan mayor requested that the tree not be damaged during the hanging since it was on city property. Sometime the lynching was even conducted in front of crowds and graphic postcards were doled out after the brutal procedure was completed. Even some black communities were burned to the ground. Rarely did the authorities intervene. Many blacks were imprisons and trapped within the system, thought as inferior and treated as such. Aside from the darkness of racism also stemmed the moral issues of the time, drinking, prostitution and use of drugs. Drinking offered an escape to those who wanted a moment away from reality; women found prostitution as way to earn competitive wages for less time and less labor for that matter, and the use of opiates and its derivatives morphine and heroin became a familiar practice, supplied in even the most common of products like Coca-Cola. The use of drugs even carried racist undertones, of drug crazed Negroes and Chinese opium dens. Consistent increases in the smoking of cigarettes occurred. Perhaps this was a consequence of the stress that reform inevitably occurred? More likely though it was due to the initial lack of regulation of these immoral deemed behaviors that allowed for the perpetuation of them. In a time where some many positive gains were made there were some serious side effects to the advancement made in both industry and in the refinement of society. Prohibition soon followed promoted by many women leader, as did the regulation of food and drugs, requiring ingredients to be noted. With reform lingering in their minds it made it much easier to enter and find the positive aspects n the time of war. In the long run the war diminished the energies that were previously put into reform as their energy was now focused on the war itself. The war brought on corporate regulation to a new level and offered a global market during World War l. Since most men were away at war, many women and blacks were offer opportunities in the workforce, with regulated hours, set wages and various protections. This was something that progressivism enabled. Thus when we entered the war, progressivism did not die out but was indirectly supported even more, perhaps without even noticing. Factory work increased and real wages of unskilled worked improved. The war aided in the continued improvement of the economic status and moral reform of the nation. Progressivism was an era that desired movement toward reform; it was not single instance but based on a series of advancements. America was in turmoil due to internal problems and was in dire need of social reforms. It was a response to the political and social challenges that begged for reform. Many people were involved in Progressivism, especially the meme class. Even ten Immigrant, slum alerts, Ana nard ladders took some initiative in hopes to refine the system. Collectively, the people strives to achieve success in change. However with success came additional issues, racism and moralist Just to name a few. The issued of utmost importance were big business monopolies, corruption within a supposed democratic government and the nation in social ruins, a mess of poverty and low morale. The series of actions that demanded and granted changes the society of the nation, creating an era that was recognized for the progressive movement that led to outcomes that changed the socioeconomic status of America forever.

Beryllium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Beryllium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Beryllium Atomic Number: 4 Symbol: Be Atomic Weight: 9.012182(3)Reference: IUPAC 2009 Discovery: 1798, Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin (France) Electron Configuration: [He]2s2 Other Names: Glucinium or Glucinum Word Origin: Greek: beryllos, beryl; Greek: glykys, sweet (note that beryllium is toxic) Properties: Beryllium has a melting point of 1287/-5Â °C, boiling point of 2970Â °C, specific gravity of 1.848 (20Â °C), and valence of 2. The metal is steel-gray in color, very light, with one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is a third higher than that of steel. Beryllium has high thermal conductivity, is nonmagnetic, and resists attack by concentrated nitric acid. Beryllium resists oxidation in air at ordinary temperatures. The metal has a high permeability to x-radiation. When bombarded by alpha particles, it yields neutrons in the ratio of approximately 30 million neutrons per million alpha particles. Beryllium and its compounds are toxic and should not be tasted to verify the metals sweetness. Uses: Precious forms of beryl include aquamarine, morganite, and emerald. Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is used for springs, electrical contacts, nonsparking tools, and spot-welding electrodes. It is used in many structural components of the space shuttle and other aerospace craft. Beryllium foil is used in x-ray lithography for making integrated circuits. It is used as a reflector or moderator in nuclear reactions. Beryllium is used in gyroscopes and computer parts. The oxide has a very high melting point and is used in ceramics and nuclear applications. Sources: Beryllium is found in approximately 30 mineral species, including beryl (3BeO Al2O3Â ·6SiO2), bertrandite (4BeOÂ ·2SiO2Â ·H2O), chrysoberyl, and phenacite. The metal may be prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Element Classification: Alkaline-earth Metal Isotopes: Beryllium has ten known isotopes, ranging from Be-5 to Be-14. Be-9 is the only stable isotope.Density (g/cc): 1.848 Specific Gravity (at 20 Â °C): 1.848 Appearance: hard, brittle, steel-gray metal Melting Point: 1287 Â °C Boiling Point: 2471 Â °C Atomic Radius (pm): 112 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 5.0 Covalent Radius (pm): 90 Ionic Radius: 35 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 1.824 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 12.21 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 309 Debye Temperature (K): 1000.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.57 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 898.8 Oxidation States: 2 Lattice Structure:Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.290 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.567 CAS Registry Number: 7440-41-7 Beryllium Trivia Beryllium was originally named glyceynum due to the sweet taste of beryllium salts. (glykis is Greek for sweet). The name was changed to beryllium to avoid confusion with other sweet tasting elements and a genus of plants called glucine. Beryllium became the official name of the element in 1957.James Chadwick bombarded beryllium with alpha particles and observed a subatomic particle with no electrical charge, leading to the discovery of the neutron.Pure beryllium was isolated in 1828 by two different chemists independently: German chemist Friederich WÃ ¶hler and French chemist Antoine Bussy.WÃ ¶hler was the chemist who first proposed the name beryllium for the new element. Source Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89th Ed.)

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 1-SLP) Essay

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 1-SLP) - Essay Example Violence may affect anyone, including us and our loved ones. With an increasingly violent society, how can we have peace of mind? How are we sure that the next victims are not us or our family members? The reasons for violence are multifold. There are some theories which say that violence is genetic. Each of us has our own biologic make-up, or a set of genes that we inherit from our parents. Some studies have pointed out that children born to violent parents have the tendency to become violent later on. This was viewed as a result to hormonal imbalances, such as serotonin, testosterone and low blood sugar levels. Some factors like poor nutrition, head injury, exposure to toxic waste and chemicals can also make a person to be prone to create violence. (Wilson, 1985) The next factor is psychological. A person grows through time not only physically and mentally but also psychologically. If a person was abused during his childhood, may it be physically or sexually; if there is deprivation of love, care and physical needs, if a person has been denied of his right to education, then that person is prone to violence. Drug abuse is also a contributing factor. Many crimes have been committed by people taking illegal drugs or alcohol. (Monahan, 1992) As a result, violence not only the health and welfare of individuals—it also affects communities. It affects families by weakening their bond and creating chaos among the family members. Violence also affects people psychologically; the feeling of fear, insecurity, inadequacy and helplessness are enough to make a person become psychologically deranged. Abused people may have low self esteem, anxiety and depression. These people are prone to post traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideations. (Elliot, 1994) The direct effects of domestic violence are devastating. It leads to low birth weight disabled infants who have the risk of dying. Injured children who are